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“Madness,” “Unconstitutional,” “A New Low” — Reactions to the Senate’s Undocumented Student Bill

via Tennessee Senate Democrats

Backlash to the Tennessee Senate’s passage of a bill to allow school districts to ban undocumented students from schools began as the vote was recorded Thursday — and was from sources as varied as clergy, small business, and, of course, state Democrats. One group called it “madness.”

Bills for the move were filed in early February by Tennessee House Majority Leader Rep. William Lamberth (R-Portland) and state Sen. Bo Watson (R-Hixson). 

The bill would challenge the 1982 U.S. Supreme Court Plyler v. Doe decision, which entitled all children to public education despite immigration status. That’s exactly what the bill’s sponsors said they want to do, citing the cost of public education. 

“The flood of illegal immigrants in our country has put an enormous drain on American tax dollars and resources. Our schools are the first to feel the impact,” Lamberth said in a statement to the Nashville Banner in February. “Tennessee communities should not have to suffer or pay when the federal government fails to secure our borders. Our obligation is to ensure a high-quality education for legal residents first.”

The Tennessee Small Business Alliance issued a statement Thursday condemning the bill, saying the group has “opposed the bill since its introduction” and called it “madness.” 

“This bill is bad for Tennessee’s economy, and we have warned the state legislature repeatedly that this bill is bad for business,” the group said in a statement. “If this bill becomes law, we’re going to immediately lose workers, and we’re shooting ourselves in the foot when it comes to workforce development. The sponsors of this bill, Sen. Bo Watson and Rep. William Lamberth, are playing with people’s livelihoods and threatening children.”

Faith leaders associated with the Southern Christian Coalition said the bill violates the teaching of Jesus. Group member Ellen R. Sandidge Gentry, a member of the same church Watson attends had taught words for the legislation 

‘As a conservative, and member of First Presbyterian Church, I’m unhappy that Sen. Bo Watson’s bill is associated with our church, Sandridge Gentry said in a statement. “My message for my fellow parishioner and state senator, Bo Watson is this: Coming after children who’ve done nothing wrong is a betrayal of Jesus’ teachings.

“Taking millions in sales and property taxes from undocumented families, then denying their children an education by claiming it’s “not paid for,” isn’t just bad policy — it’s unethical and unchristian.”

A group called Education for All Tennessee was created to work against the bill. It pointed to the bill’s narrow passage (19-13) as a sign that there is “weakening support for this cruel attack on children’s education.” 

“With razor-thin vote margins and growing bipartisan opposition, this bill can still be stopped,” the group said Thursday. “Tennessee families deserve better than a bill that targets kids and divides communities. 

“Every child deserves an education — no matter where they were born.”

State Democrats issued plenty of tough talk and even some tears in a news conference following the vote Thursday.  

Sen. London Lamar (D-Memphis) said the GOP are using children targeted by the bill as “political pawns.” She called the bill a “new low” for state Republicans, saying, “They didn’t send us up here to bully kids.” 

“Did you forget Jesus was an immigrant? Did you forget?” she asked. “Jesus stood with the least of these and it’s up to him to decide who is righteous and who’s not. But it on us to love everybody. It’s not for us to pick and choose who we love and who we support.” 

Sen. Raumesh Akbari (D-Memphis) said she asked Watson in committee if he’d heard from any school districts that requested the legislation. 

“He said, ‘We’ve all had those conversations — maybe not on the record — with folks from our school districts,” Akbari said. “My response was that I represent the largest school district and I have not ever heard that request.”

A House committee is set to pick up the bill on Monday. A reporter asked Rep. John Ray Clemmons (D-Nashville) what he thought about the bill’s chances to pass on the House side.  

“All I can guarantee you in the House is we’re gonna fight like hell to protect the children of Tennessee,” Clemmons said. “People of every faith believe this is a bad idea. Everybody knows this is unconstitutional. 

“We’re going to fight like hell to protect every child, to provide an education in compliance with the state Constitution, as well as the interpretation of the Constitution by the Supreme Court of the United States.” 

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Tennessee House Approves THCA Ban

Smokeable cannabis flower, especially the THC it creates when lit, took a critical step toward a ban in Tennessee after a long debate in Nashville Thursday that showed a rare divide among Republican lawmakers. 

Tennessee House members passed an amendment Thursday that would remove THCA from legal cannabis products in the state. THCA is also banned in a Senate version of the bill now traveling through the committee process. That bill, of course, could change before it passes, leaving a glimmer of hope for cannabis companies across the state that have said THCA products are among their most popular. 

The GOP divide on the issue emerged on the House floor Thursday morning. One group just didn’t like the product — the green, leafy bud now displayed on store shelves — nor the intoxicating effects it can produce. The other group of GOP lawmakers said removing the products will harm Tennessee businesses and won’t keep other intoxicating hemp products from shelves. 

Members of the non-THCA group said they felt duped by hemp advocates in Tennessee. 

“Six years ago I carried the bill that allowed us to grow hemp in this state and have many of these products,” said Representative Chris Todd (R-Madison County). “But I will tell you at that time, the [Tennessee Growers Coalition], well, I will say there were folks that deceived me and deceived our leaders and many others in this body.” 

He said the amended legislation brings the total THC level back down to .3 percent as planned originally. The amount is the federal limit, he said. As for those cannabis companies in Tennessee, “they gambled on a product that is federally illegal.”   

House Majority Leader Representative William Lamberth (R-Portland) has worked on cannabis issues in Tennessee for years. He agreed with Todd saying, “I wish we could go back in time and not have all these substances out there, but that’s not an option at this point.”

 “We were all told when we voted for hemp that it’s the nonintoxicating cousin to marijuana,” Lamberth said. “You don’t have to worry about anybody getting high. Well, that horse has left the barn. 

“What this bill does is ban THCA, that when you light it, it turns into marijuana. But that’s one product. There’s hundreds of other products out there [that will get people high].” 

The ban does put at risk Tennessee cannabis companies that have said that smokeable flower sales can sometimes total 60 percent of their total revenue. Representative Kevin Vaughan (R-Memphis) spoke loudest among the GOP to keep THCA legal in Tennessee. 

“ I have a hard time that this body has told [businesses] that this is a new commercial venture in our state, and then, two years later, we’re going to turn the lights off,” Vaughn said. “Understand that even if we take [THCA out], these stores will still be in the business of selling intoxicants.”

Representative Sabi Kumar (R-Springfield) argued that the legislature gets “carried away by the commercial advantages” of cannabis in Tennessee. He argued lives are torn apart by marijuana addiction and that was part of the reason he voted to ban THCA.

“Marijuana is playing havoc on our society,” Kumar said. “We talk about anxiety. We talk about mental health. We talk about schizophrenia and various psychological maladies. 

“Yes, we blame the internet for it, but, my friends, I submit to you that marijuana and its prevalent use is playing a role in this malady that is affecting our society for that reason.” 

The fiscal note, an expert review of the economic impact of proposed legislation, estimated the size of Tennessee’s overall cannabis market is about $120.4 million. The figure is based on a U.S. market for hemp-derived cannabis products projected at $5 billion in 2026. 

Tennessee tax collections on those products would have been $13.6 million, assuming that THCA were included. Those taxes would have been collected on what state financial experts expected to be cannabis product sales of $226.7 million over the next year. All of those numbers will change if THCA remains illegal.

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Mayors: Storm Impact Varied Widely Along the Mississippi River

Credit: Ward Archer

Last week’s storm affected Mississippi River towns differently, ranging from a mass rescue in West Memphis to “nothing happened at all” in Caruthersville, Missouri. The total damage, however, could cost $90 billion, according to one weather company. 

The relentless bouts of severe weather began with tornado warnings on Wednesday, April 2nd. Lines of high wind threatened the Mid-South Thursday through Saturday. The storm finally moved on Sunday but not before dumping nearly 12 inches of rain in Memphis. 

The storm fronts were wide, of course, and did not affect towns the same way. Mayors of towns up and down the Mississippi River gave highlights of their challenges and lucky misses during a news conference Monday by the Mississippi River Mayors Cities and Towns Initiative.   

Memphis Mayor Paul Young said “the last few days have been a challenge.” He said the city had “historic levels of rainfall,” which created more than 600 tickets to the city’s 311 system. Also, wind and rain felled 109 trees that blocked roads, Young said. Traffic lights at intersections went out, too, and the massive amounts of water were a challenge for the city’s drainage system, he said. 

“Thankfully, our teams worked really hard and they were very responsive and very prepared for the storms that took place,” Young said. 

Across the river in West Memphis, teams in boats rescued nearly 100 people caught in the floodwaters created by nearly 13 inches of rain. 

However, up the river in Alton, Illinois, Mayor David Goins said, “we’re doing fine.” 

“I believe we dodged a bullet because most of the rain was south of us,” Goins said, noting Alton got between 3 inches to 5 inches of rain. 

In Cape Girardeau, Missouri, though, limbs and trees were down all over town, said Mayor Stacy Kinder. Downtown buildings suffered roof and facade damage and blown-out windows. Flash flooding backed up sewage and water into basements in homes across town. In a typical few days, the city’s waste water treatment plant treats about 26 million gallons of water, Mayor Kinder said. Between April 2nd and 6th, the system treated 91 million gallons of water, she said.  

Caruthersville, Missouri, Mayor Sue Grantham said “we got really lucky. The dear Lord was with us; we don’t have any flooding around us except at the river,” Grantham said. “Nothing happened at all. I did see one small car in a ditch. But by the time I got back around, it was gone.”  

Experts at AccuWeather, a weather media company, projected Monday morning that the storm caused an estimated $80 billion to $90 billion in total damage and economic loss.

Credit: AccuWeather

”We’re heartbroken by the loss of life and destruction from this once-in-a-generation storm,” said AccuWeather Chief Meteorologist Jonathan Porter. “ Houses and businesses were destroyed by tornadoes. Homes and vehicles were swept away by fast-moving floodwaters. Bridges and roadways were washed out or destroyed in some areas. Travel, commerce and business operations were significantly disrupted. It will take years for some of the hardest-hit communities to recover.”

Memphis Mayor Young said his team is watching the Mississippi River now, though. The river is expected to peak here on April 14 at about 37 feet. 

“For us, flood level is about 34 feet,” he said. “We do think we have enough things in place to manage [flooding] at that level, however. It is something that we’re going to be paying attention to.”

David Welsh, a senior hydrologist with the National Weather Service, said he anticipates a “long, broad crest” on the Mississippi that could last for up to two weeks. However, no rain fall is yet predicted for the next week, which might give the river a little bit of time to start coming down.   

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Severe Weather, Excessive Rainfall Continue Through Sunday

We may be done with severe weather but it’s not done with us, apparently. 

An early-Friday-morning briefing from the National Weather Service at Memphis (NWS) says “a dangerous weather pattern will continue through the weekend. Catastrophic flooding, along with severe storms, will impact the Mid-South.”

Credit: National Weather Service Memphis

This storm system has already caused five deaths in West Tennessee. It has dumped around 4 to 6 inches of rain on Memphis already. 

Credit: National Weather Service Memphis

“Generational flooding” is expected in the area as the storm delivers more rain on Friday, Saturday, and Sunday. This could deliver up to 10 inches of rain to areas along and north of I-40 through the weekend. If “generational flooding” was not enough to concern you, the NWS Memphis also predicts the storm could yield “catastrophic flooding.”

Credit: National Weather Service Memphis

However, Memphis fares better in the NWS outlook for Friday than other areas. The agency predicts moderate chances of severe weather, damaging winds, tornados, large hail, and excessive rainfall compared to other areas. 

Saturday, though, brings an increased risk for all of those here, especially excessive rainfall. 

Credit: National Weather Service Memphis

Even when the storm system moves on, its effects will remain in the Shelby County watershed. The briefing predicts an above moderate flood risk for the Wolf River. But it predicts an “above major flood” for the Loosahatchie River, which runs through Frayser and more. 

Credit: National Weather Service Memphis

Water levels in the Mississippi River began rising Thursday and are expected to continue until April 15th. River levels had sunk to around five feet early Thursday morning. By Friday morning, levels climbed to nearly 13 feet. The NWS predicts river levels will rise continually, peaking at around 36 feet by mid-April. 

Credit: National Weather Service Memphis

Gov. Lee Surveys West Tennessee storm damage

Credit: State of Tennessee

Tennessee Gov. Bill Lee surveyed storm damage in McNairy County Thursday evening after severe storms ripped through part of West and Middle Tennessee. 

Lee immediately issued an Emergency Declaration, which was quickly approved by the Trump Adminstration. 

Crews in several Tennessee counties continued to survey storm damage Friday and search sites for evidence of tornadoes. 

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“West Memphis River” Renaming and Other Hilarious Memphis April Fool’s Day Gags

The city of West Memphis has petitioned President Donald Trump to rename a portion of the Mississippi River, West Memphis River.

“We’re tired of Mississippi getting all the credit,” said Mayor [Marco] McClendon. “It’s time to put West Memphis on the map — literally.”

McClendon said the rebranding would come with new signage, tourism campaigns, and possibly a West Memphis River cruise port.

NAH! Those West Memphis folks were just having a laugh on April Fool’s Day. And they weren’t alone. The MEMernet was filled with all kinds of people, businesses, and organizations having a good time on social media Tuesday.

Here are a few:

Akbari what?!

Credit: Sen. Raumesh Akbari via Facebook

Zoo what?!

Posted to Facebook by Memphis Zoo

“ANNOUNCEMENT: We’re expanding our Memphis identity in a bold new way.

“Memphis Zoo. Memphis, Egypt. Memphis, Tennessee. A pyramid at our entrance. It only made sense. We’re (very unofficially) launching Bass Pro at the Zoo. A concept that would bring a satellite Bass Pro Shops location right into our front plaza.

The idea? A one-of-a-kind experience. Guests could grab a camping stove, pick out the perfect tackle box, and then stroll straight into the heart of the Zoo. Maybe even roll a few frames in a tiny bowling alley near the tortoises.

“We mentioned the idea to Bass Pro. They haven’t responded. At all. So, for now, it remains a vision. But we’re putting it out into the world… because it’s April 1, and that’s what visionaries do.”

Nacho what?!

Posted to Facebook by Memphis Made Brewing Co.

“You know we had to do it big for BBQ season! 🐷 Introducing “If You Smoke It, They Will Come.” A one-of-a-kind Imperial BBQ Nacho Stout, this is a creation that could only be Memphis Made!

“Brewed with corn chip malt and smoky pork shoulder puree, this porker of a stout packs a punch at 11.3 percent ABV (Be careful over the pit when you’re smashing these bad boys!) Available on tap every Tuesday at The Ravine and in 4-packs at all Memphis Publix locations, this conversation piece is sure to make a splash at one or both of our local May BBQ Competitions!

#memphisinmay #smokeslam #bbqfest #memphismade”

Sausage what?!

Posted to Instagram by Crosstown Concourse

“Before Monogram Foods even unpacks at Crosstown Concourse, they’re already bringing the heat — literally. To celebrate their upcoming move, they’ve teamed up with us to introduce a Circle B Smoked Sausage-Scented Candle inspired by the bold flavors of Memphis and the vibrant energy of Crosstown.⁠

⁠“Founded in Memphis in 2004, Monogram Foods is a leading producer of meat snacks, hot dogs, bacon, and other packaged foods, supplying some of America’s most beloved brands. Their move to Crosstown Concourse will bring their innovative spirit and hometown pride to the heart of our community.⁠

Posted to Instagram by Crosstown Concourse

“🔥 The Circle B Smoked Sausage Candle – Smoky, savory, and guaranteed to make you crave a classic smoked sausage.⁠

⁠“This limited-edition candle will be available for purchase throughout Crosstown Concourse, including at @milisflowersandgifts

⁠”Stay tuned for more updates as Monogram Foods settles into Crosstown!”

GTA what?!

Posted to Reddit by u/Legpistons

”Super pumped about the new GTA!”

Comment by u/readforhealth

“Side Quest Southaven Rendezvous

“Rico heads south of the border to grab 12kilos from the Chesteridge apartment complex. Little does he know, Brunnie B is also en route; and he hasn’t forgotten about the mess you made of his shop during the bust up. Meanwhile, Kitty Lee preps and wraps freshly packed powder for your arrival. This could get messy.

“Car 2018 Dodge Challenger Gauntlet

“Weapons Two Sig 365Ls and a sawed-off 12

”Objective Grab cargo and get back above the line by 5 O’clock”

Duck tour what?!

Posted to Facebook by Meeman-Shelby Forest State Park

“Special April 1st Tour!

“Plunge into the silliness this April Fool’s Day with Meeman-Shelby Forest State Park’s one-of-a-kind, one day only, Submarine Tour of Poplar Tree Lake! 

“Hop aboard with Ranger Chuckles as he steers through the stump-filled shallows in our cutting-edge, pedal-driven submarine — equipped with snorkels for quick getaways and a periscope that moonlights as a selfie stick. 

“Be amazed by underwater spectacles like the rare migration of freshwater rubber ducks and the mysterious Poplar Tree Lake Kraken (spoiler alert: it’s just a giant bass). 

“Secure your pretend tickets today for a laugh-out-loud journey that’ll leave you soaked in fun — metaphorically speaking!

“Stay tuned for more April Fool’s Day events that don’t really exist! 😂 “

River what?!

Credit: City of West Memphis via Facebook

“🚨 BIG ANNOUNCEMENT FROM MAYOR MCCLENDON 🚨 

“Mayor McClendon has officially requested federal approval to rename a portion of the Mississippi River to…The West Memphis River. 

“’We’re tired of Mississippi getting all the credit,’ said Mayor McClendon. ‘It’s time to put West Memphis on the map — literally.’”

The proposed section would span from the I-55 Bridge to the I-40 Bridge. 

Posted to Facebook by City of West Memphis

“‘We’re not trying to take the whole river,’” Mayor McClendon said. “’Just the best part.’”

“The rebranding would come with new signage, tourism campaigns, and possibly West Memphis may soon be home to a West Memphis River cruise port! Passengers can board for scenic tours newly renamed West Memphis River, taking in the sights, and sounds of the Delta in style.

”The petition has been submitted to the U.S. Board on Geographic Names and is now in the hands of President Trump. Stay tuned.”

Sauce what?!

Posted to Facebook by Rotolo’s Craft & Crust – East Memphis, TN

“B.Y.O.B 🪣

“What’s the elite pizza dipping sauce? 🍕

Ranch lovers, this is your moment! For ONE DAY ONLY we’re filling up your bucket with our creamy ranch. No limits.”

Elwood’s what?!

Posted to Facebook by Elwood’s Shack

“All sandwiches buy one get 3 free. One day April special. Today Only.”

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Bill Could Strip Key Oversight from Tennessee Human Rights Commission

State lawmakers want to take oversight of possible discrimination in federal funding from the Tennessee Human Rights Commission (THRC) and give it to the Tennessee Attorney General.

State agencies have to follow federal rules when they get federal money. One of those rules — Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 — disallows discrimination on the basis of race, color, and national origin.

In 2002, then-Governor Don Sundquist, a Republican, created the Title VI Complain Commission. In 2009, the THRC was given the authority to verify that state government entities comply with the requirements of Title VI.

But new legislation would strip this oversight and enforcement from the state group and would give that power to Tennessee AG Jonathan Skrmetti’s office.

The bill is sponsored by state Sen. John Stevens (R-Huntingdon) and Rep. Johnny Garrett (R-Goodlettsville). It would transfer from the THRC to the AG “the responsibility of identifying state laws, rules, programs, services, and budgetary priorities that conflict with the components, guidelines, and objectives of a comprehensive state policy established by the commission to ensure compliance with Title VI requirements.”

A review of the bill was slated for the Senate Judiciary Committee Monday afternoon. No further details of the legislation — including the motivation for it — have been heard so far. However, the bill passed on partisan lines in a House subcommittee last week. Only two members, Rep. Larry Miller (D-Memphis) and Rep. Jesse Chism (D-Memphis), voted against the bill.

THRC is an independent and neutral state agency that takes and investigates complaints of alleged discrimination in housing, employment, and public accommodations. It also monitors Title VI compliance for state agencies and entities getting federal money. It is the primary state agency responsible for enforcing anti-discrimination laws in the state of Tennessee.

“The Commission plays a key role in ensuring that the citizens of Tennessee are aware of their civil rights, their responsibilities under the laws that THRC enforces, and have a viable means for justice when their rights are violated,” the group said in its latest annual report.

Last year, the group received 1,097 inquiries of alleged Title VI discrimination. Of those, 332 complaints were accepted. Of those, 162 cases were closed. Settlements and mediations resulted in $4,000 to be awarded to complainants.

Most of those complaints were on alleged discrimination of race, retaliation, sex, and disability.

Credit: Tennessee Human Rights Commission

THRC found that all of the 49 state agencies reporting to it were in compliance of Title VI requirements.

Failure to meet Title VI requirements could result in loss of federal money. Last year, Tennessee got $31 billion in federal funds. TennCare, the state’s Medicaid program, got the largest share at $19.2 billion.

The THRC also offers technical assistance to the state’s many agencies, including the University of Memphis. Last year, the group said it fielded 237 requests for such help.

Read THRC’s Title VI annual report here.

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Railgarten Closed, Property Listed

Credit: Railgarten via Facebook

Railgarten is permanently closed and its property is up for sale, according to a listing from commercial real estate firm Colliers. 

The entertainment complex closed in the winter. But the sign outside the popular Midtown hangout read that it was closed only for renovations. 

Credit: Railgarten via Facebook

However, a new sign hanging on the front of the indoor music venue part of Railgarten now reads “available.” The property listing from Colliers calls it “the former Railgarten dining, entertainment, and recreational venue.”

The listing includes the entire complex together: the diner, the tiki bar, indoor music hall, the backyard and beer garden, volleyball court, and Ping-Pong pavilion.  All of it totals nearly 10,000 square feet of indoor entertainment space on 1.35 acres. 

Here’s how Colliers describes the property: 

“It’s designed to offer diverse dining, drinks, live music, and recreational activities across both indoor and outdoor spaces. The property benefits from being in the heart of the Cooper-Young district, a social, cultural, and entertainment hotspot. 

“Whether it’s a local Memphian looking for a weekend hangout, a tourist exploring the city, or a music fan catching a live show, this property is perfectly positioned to attract foot traffic and engagement year-round.

The area is a convenient location in Cooper Young District — packed with award-winning restaurants, coffee shops, and craft breweries. Just minutes from the University of Memphis, Christian Brothers University, Liberty Park, Downtown Memphis, and Overton Square, making it easy to access many city attractions. Nearby favorites include: Alchemy, Beauty Shop Restaurant, Tsunami, Soul Fish Café, Young Avenue Deli, Central BBQ, and Jack Brown’s Burgers.

“The Diner — A retro-style American eatery. Casual, relaxed seating with booths and bar seating. Family-friendly atmosphere with a nostalgic touch.

“The Tiki Bar — A separate indoor bar area with a tropical island theme. Cozy, dim lighting and fun decor, including palm-themed murals and bamboo furniture.

“Indoor Music Hall — Intimate club-like setting with standing room and some seating areas. Fully equipped with professional sound and lighting systems.

Credit: Railgarten via Facebook

“The Backyard & Beer Garden — A large open-air space with picnic tables, string lights, and communal seating. Outdoor stage to host larger music gatherings and pop-up events.

Credit: Railgarten via Facebook

“Volleyball Court — A full-sized sand volleyball court for pickup games and league play.

“The Ping-Pong Pavilion — Multiple Ping-Pong tables available for casual play and competitions. Covered area for shade and protection from weather conditions.”

Railgarten has not yet made any announcement of the move on its social media channels. It did note a venue change of a New Year’s Eve show from Railgarten to Loflin Yard. A post about that show, featuring The Neon Mooners, was the last post from Railgarten on its Facebook page.  

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GOP Wants to Teach Students High School, Job, Marriage, and Kids Will Keep Them Out of Poverty

Graduate high school.

Get a job. Or, graduate college or a technical school. (Then, get a job.)

Get married. 

Have babies. 

This is a poverty-fighting equation Tennessee GOP lawmakers want to be taught to every single Tennessee student. 

The equation is called the “Success Sequence” and it’s nothing new. A version of this sequence has probably been taught to kids for decades. But the idea took formal form in a 2009 book by Brookings Institution researchers called “Creating An Opportunity Society.” Those researchers aimed to ”improve the prospects for our less-advantaged families and fellow citizens” and help bridge gaps in income and wealth.

Two Tennessee Republicans — Rep. Gino Bulso (R-Brentwood) and Sen. Janice Bowling (R-Tullahoma) — sponsor legislation before state lawmakers now that would require ”family life curriculum [to] include age-appropriate instruction and evidence regarding the positive personal and societal outcomes associated with the method.” 

“ ​Data shows that students who follow the sequence are more likely to excel in school and generally earn higher grade point averages than students who do not,” Bowling said when she introduced her legislation in a committee last week. “This program prepares students for a healthy, productive life.”

In very practical terms, if this bill is passed, it might mean that public school kids in Tennessee would hear this theory that following these steps will either lead you out of poverty or help keep you out of it. Also, in practical terms, a version of this bill died in committee in February before the Mississippi Legislature. 

So, how big of a deal is this idea of teaching the “Success Sequence,” really? Well, a strata of academics, think tanks, and policy advocacy groups think it’s a big one. 

Some will argue data say if you follow the sequence your chances of ending up in poverty are around 3 percent. Others have taken that further (answering critics) to say the equation works almost equally well for African Americans and Hispanics, even with the uphill climbs they may face in racist systems. 

”With the completion of each step of the success sequence, the racial gap narrows rapidly,” Melissa Byers Melissa, the Chief Marketing Officer at National Fatherhood Initiative, wrote in 2022. “For Millennials who followed all three steps, only 4 percent of [B]lacks and 3 percent of Hispanics are poor by their mid-30s. Stunningly, the racial gaps in poverty are almost closed.”

Maybe the biggest naysayer of the Success Sequence is Matt Bruenig, who studies and writes about class, labor, poverty, and welfare for the People’s Policy Project. He’s written posts headlined, “The Success Sequence Is About Cultural Beefs, Not Poverty,” and “The Success Sequence Continues To Be Complete Nonsense.” 

Bruenig argues, broadly, that full-time work alone will keep people out of poverty. The rest of the sequence, he said, is about pushing cultural agendas. Marriage, for example, won’t keep anyone out of poverty unless they marry another full-time worker, he said. Marriage could lead to poverty if someone marries someone with a disability or work limitation, he said. 

”Success Sequence writers, realizing that full-time workers are rarely in poverty, end up advocating that ‘full-time work plus their cultural preferences’ will get you out of poverty,” he wrote. “This is technically true, but only because full-time work plus anything will get you out of poverty.” 

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State Suggests More Transparency for Shelby County Criminal Justice System

The criminal justice system in Shelby County is murky, a new report says. 

How many days does it take for a case to be taken care of? How many days are people incarcerated (if they can’t make bail) before their cases are taken care of? How often do people stay clean while they’re out on bail? How often are they re-arrested while out on bail? How often are people booked? How often do they ask for a trial? 

Some answers came to these questions in a report issued Wednesday by a division of the Tennessee State Comptroller’s Office. That report was requested in February 2024 by Lt. Gov. Randy McNally (R-Oak Ridge) who wanted those answers (and more) about “issues in Shelby County,” specifically.   

For the request, the comptroller’s Office of Research and Education Accountability (OREA) sent agents to Memphis. Over the past year, those agents interviewed about 70 people and spent about 100 hours at the Shelby County Criminal Justice Center. They conducted research, watched court proceedings, and analyzed datasets from at least 22 state and local entities. 

From August to September, the agents gathered data on about 1,033 cases as they made their ways through the criminal justice process here. They watched 417 cases in General Sessions Court and 616 cases in Criminal Court. For the sake of equal comparison, they included 145 sample cases for the report that had similar data. 

“The more than 1,030 cases observed represent a fraction of the cases heard in these courtrooms on any given day,” reads the report. “Across all eight General Sessions courtrooms that hear felony cases, more than 480 cases are heard daily. In the nine Criminal Court courtrooms, this number rises to over 500 cases heard daily.” 

Here’s some of what they found in Criminal Court:

• Half of cases were completely through court (or disposed) in two months.

• A quarter of cases were disposed in 37 days or fewer.

• Nearly all the cases were disposed within 266 days, or nine months.

• Shelby County had the highest number of open felony charges (2,335) at the time, double the Nashville count of 1,024.

• Of the 95 defendants OREA watched, only seven re-offended while on pretrial release (bail or free release). 

• A majority (60 percent) of felony charges did not change at the end of a case from 2018 to 2023. The remaining charges either decreased (about 20 percent) or increased (about 21 percent). 

Here’s some of what they found in General Sessions Court: 

• Over half of the cases were dismissed.

• A quarter of cases were disposed with a guilty plea.

• About 10 percent of cases were bound over to a grand jury.

However, no one in Shelby County is collecting this information. These observations are from a small sample size from a small group of OREA agents. 

Without aggregate data, it’s impossible to judge the efficiency, throughput capacity, or overall health of the Shelby County Justice system. The OREA group thinks someone here should be responsible for gathering that data and sharing it with the public. 

“The result is that the public cannot assess overall, aggregate trends and patterns; the public cannot see the big picture,” reads the report. 

The group offered a list of detailed recommendations to improve the situation here, but it is unknown what next step may come in the situation. 

Read the full report below:

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Death Row Prisoners Challenge New Execution Method

Death row prisoners in Tennessee challenged the state’s new execution protocols in a legal complaint that claims the use of pentobarbital is unconstitutional as it can lead to a “tortuous death.” 

Nine prisoners signed on to the complaint filed late last week by Amy Harwell in Davidson County Chancery Court. Harwell is the Assistant Chief of the Capital Habeus Unit at the Office of the Federal Public Defender for the Middle District of Tennessee. 

The complaint argues those executed here “will experience extreme pain and suffering if they are poisoned to death with pentobarbital.” The plaintiffs also cite “Tennessee’s shameful history of mishandling its execution processes” as a reason to challenge the new lethal injection protocol. 

Executions here have been halted since May 2022. Gov. Bill Lee ordered a full review of the state’s lethal injection protocols. In a scathing report issued in December 2022, Ed Stanton, former U.S. Attorney for the Western District of Tennessee, found that state officials didn’t follow their own rules in carrying out executions. That review also criticized the three-drug injection protocols used for executions at the time. 

Lee hired a new Commissioner for the Tennessee Department of Corrections (TDOC), Frank Strada, with a major goal to get executions back on line in Tennessee. That work began in January 2023. 

In late December 2024, TDOC issued a brief news release announcing that the new review had been completed and the agency had selected pentobarbital for its lethal injection executions.    

“I am confident the lethal injection process can proceed in compliance with departmental policy and state laws,” Strada said at the time.

Earlier this month, the Tennessee Supreme Court scheduled executions for four prisoners to be carried out this year. 

• Oscar Smith on May 22nd

• Byron Black on August 5th

• Donald Middlebrooks on September 24th

• Harold Nichols on December 11th 

Smith was set for execution in May 2022. It has been reported he was taking his final communion on death watch before walking to the execution chamber when Lee called off the execution and called for the review. 

Smith and Black, both scheduled to be executed this year, signed on to the new complaint that challenges the method of which they are to be killed by the state. 

“The evidence keeps piling up to show that pentobarbital poisoning is excruciatingly painful,” said Harwell, an attorney for the plaintiffs. “Tennessee appears to have picked this method only because they were able to get their hands on pentobarbital, not because its use for executions complies with the Constitution or state law.”

States like Tennessee had a hard time getting drugs for the proviso three-drug cocktail. Many said that was the because drug companies that made them refused to sell them for execution purposes. 

The complaint argues that killing by pentobarbital “can create a sensation of suffocating or drowning that has been likened by experts to the sensation intentionally induced by the practice of waterboarding — an unambiguous form of outright torture.” The drug can also leave prisoners aware as their bodies begin to experience physical damage “resulting in extreme suffering.” 

In January, the U.S. Department of Justice quit using pentobarbital in executions on ​“sig­nif­i­cant uncer­tain­ty” on whether or not the drug causes pain and suffering.

“In the face of such uncertainty, the department should err on the side of humane treatment and avoidance of unnecessary pain and suffering, and therefore halt the use of pentobarbital unless and until that uncertainty is resolved,” then-Attorney General Merrick Garland said at the time. 

Even if the drug was not a concern, the complaint doubts TDOC’s ability to carry out executions, given its track record. It says that over the past 25 years, the agency “has consistently struggled, and often failed, to fulfill [its] responsibility [to administer executions] in a consistent, reliable, and lawful way.” 

“TDOC has burned through at least five now-discarded ‘protocols’ for performing executions by lethal injection … each of which collapsed under the weight of its own flaws and mismanagement after no more than, at most, a few executions,” the report says.