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ACLU Wins Illegal Surveillance Ruling Against MPD

Saying that there was “clear and convincing evidence” that the city of Memphis actively pursued covert surveillance of four local activists, U.S. District Judge Jon P. McCalla decreed on Friday that the ACLU of Tennessee could sue the city of Memphis for breaking a 1978 agreement prohibiting the city from conducting such activities. 

Judge Jon P. McCalla

From McCalla’s decision: “The Court finds that the ACLU-TN has demonstrated by a preponderance of the evidence that it was the entity that entered into the 1978 agreement with the City. Thus, the ACLU-TN has standing to bring the lawsuit.”

McCalla’s ruling came as a result of an August trial to determine whether the ACLU had legal standing to pursue a lawsuit on behalf of local activists Elaine Blanchard, Keedran Franklin, Paul Garner, and Bradley Watkins, who claimed they had been illegally spied upon by the Memphis Police Department and other city agencies.

The city violated several areas of the consent agreement, McCalla ruled, including: intercepting phone calls and electronic communications, using a fake Facebook profile of “Bob Smith” to learn of activists’ activities, and failing to properly inform officers of the parameters of the 1978 ruling. The city also utilized the local Office of Homeland Security to gather information on Memphis activists. From the judgment:

* The police department conducted “political intelligence”as specifically defined and forbidden by the consent decree.
* The department operated the Office of Homeland Security for the purpose of political intelligence.
* The department intercepted electronic communications and infiltrated groups through the “Bob Smith” Facebook account.
The department failed to familiarize MPD officers with the requirements of the decree.
* The department did not establish an approval process for lawful investigations into criminal conduct that might incidentally reveal information implicating First Amendment rights.
* The department disseminated information obtained in the course of an investigation to individuals outside law enforcement.
* The department recorded the identities of protest attendees for the purpose of maintaining a record.

The judgment is available in PDF form here and goes into great detail about specific activities conducted by MPD and the city in their efforts to spy on local activists and their groups. Surveillance was conducted against activists from Save the Greensward, Black Lives Matter, and other groups, and photos were taken at several marches and protests. Details of the city’s surveillance operation begin on page 20 of the attached document

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Opinion The Last Word

Forward, March

I wasn’t sure what to expect when I arrived downtown Saturday morning. I had some reservations but decided to attend the march at the last second. I didn’t even make a sign. If I had, it would have said something like “Oh, FFS.” Or “Meryl Streep Is Properly Rated.” Or “Make America Read Again.” There’s always next time. Believe me, there will be a next time.

It wasn’t my first rally or protest, but it was definitely the biggest. I don’t think I’ve ever been part of such a large group of women before. But if it was truly a “woman’s march,” the crowd should have been much larger. I say this because it was about as diverse as an East Memphis yoga class.

People get defensive when this is brought up, and I don’t mean to sound dismissive. Yes, people of varying ages, races, and genders showed up. I’m proud of the thousands of marchers who gave their time to stand up for women.

It was a good first step. The next step is intersectionality.

As I was leaving, I overheard a conversation between two black women.

“This was good. I needed this.”

“Me too, but I wish I’d seen this many people out for MLK Day.”

“Yeah … Wonder why that is?”

This is where I wanted to butt in and say “Because racism,” but I am pretty sure it was a rhetorical question. As King wrote, the white moderate “prefers a negative peace which is the absence of tension to a positive peace which is the presence of justice.”

I feel bad if women of color didn’t feel welcome or included in last Saturday’s march, but I can’t exactly blame them.

Justin Fox Burks

Women’s March in Memphis

Justin Fox Burks

Why should they trust white women who keep siding with white men? Fifty-two percent of us voted for a candidate who openly boasted about “grabbing them by the pussy” without their consent. Four years prior, more than half of us voted for a guy who counted women by the binder-full in a debate. Too many white women either don’t vote with their own interests at heart or are counting on everyone else to get it right. Now we’ve got a mess to clean up.

The day after the march, I attended a friend’s birthday brunch. I didn’t know everyone at the table, which is always a bit of a social landmine for me because I have no poker face. Here’s what happens: Someone says something with which I disagree. I am physically unable to supress an eyeroll. People I know either engage me or move along. People who don’t ask if there’s something I’d like to say. Cue rant, followed by debate or awkward silence.

We were talking about safe topics like football (well, not safe in the literal sense, but you know what I mean) and work. Everything was fine. And then a woman at the other end of the table said “So, like, these — air quotes — marches. What are they protesting exactly?”

That’s when the room started spinning and everything went dark. All was silent but for the echo of her voice. What are they protesting? Really? And what’s with the air quotes?

I should have told her people protested for Black Lives Matter, gun control, criminal justice reform, and a whole slew of issues that are important to them. I should have told her I can’t speak for anyone else, but here are a handful of the reasons I went:

Because the new president needs to be reminded at every turn that he is accountable to the entire country, not just the people who voted for him.

Because the Affordable Care Act insures millions of people, and if the GOP has a better idea, well, what’s the holdup?

And if we can’t have health insurance for all, we need Planned Parenthood more, not less.

Because our bodies belong to us, and we’re smart enough to make choices for ourselves. We want to be able to start our families on our own terms with affordable reproductive care and child care.

Because Idiocracy wasn’t supposed to be a documentary.

Because democracy doesn’t end the day after the election. Or the inauguration. You don’t have to agree, but this is how I feel. And this is America, and it’s our right.

But I didn’t want to ruin my friend’s brunch, so I bit my tongue and stared at my plate. Yes, that’s right. In less than 24 hours I went from “We won’t be silenced” to “I don’t want to make it weird.”

That approach won’t work anymore.

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News News Blog

Bridge Protest Organizers Update Demands for Strickland

Members of the Coalition of Concerned Citizens

In a press conference at the National Civil Rights Museum on Thursday afternoon, a group of activists who organized Sunday night’s Black Lives Matter-style protest on the I-40 bridge issued updates to the list of demands on city government that were first addressed at a community meeting Monday night at Greater Imani Church.

The group is calling itself “Coalition of Concerned Citizens,” and it’s made up of members of the AAFANTE Tribe, the Official Black Lives Matter Memphis Chapter, the Memphis Grass Roots Organization, HOPE: Help Our Proud Environment, and the New Black Panther Party for Self Defense & Inward Journey.

“The most dire situation we have is economic apartheid in the city of Memphis. There is a system that prevents young, urban individuals from having a piece of the pie,” said long-time activist Joseph Kyles of the Rainbow PUSH Coalition at the start of Thursday’s press conference.

The group is calling for an investigation into minority contracts with the city’s Public Works department. They said that, currently, only 3 percent of its contracts are going to African-American businesses. On Monday night, Memphis Mayor Jim Strickland said he had increased overall minority contracts by 17 percent since he took over in January, but the coalition now wants an investigation into how much of that 17 percent is going to African-American businesses versus white female- , Hispanic-, or Asian-American-owned businesses. They would like to see 40 percent of the city’s Public Works contracts going to African American-owned businesses.

The coalition is calling for more community policing programming and cultural sensitivity training for Memphis Police officers.

“The caveat to the cultural sensitivity training is that it needs to be led by local activists and organizers, preferably younger activists and organizers. The people who lead that should be vetted and be people who have a history of organizing and being engaged in that type of work,” said the Rev. Earle Fisher. 

They would like more city funding allotted for crime prevention and youth programming at community centers, specifically nine centers in North Memphis, Raleigh, and Frayser. 

All of the above demands were made on Monday night at the meeting, but the investigation in the 17 percent of minority contracts was added following Strickland’s remarks on that at the Monday meeting. After Monday’s meeting, based on some of the concerns brought by citizens there, the group has added that they’d like the city to launch programming aimed at assisting citizens with suspended licenses and non-violent infractions.

The coalition said they’re giving Strickland’s administration 30 days to begin to address the above issues.

Strickland’s office released the following statement regarding the demands, which the group said they’d send to Strickland right after the press event: “We’re looking forward to receiving the most recent list of requests presented by the coalition, and we’re looking forward to receiving the questions from Monday’s meeting. I’m always glad to talk to the people of Memphis about ways to make our city a better place for all, and we’re already hard at work at many of the same issues that have been in the conversation this week.”

There was no mention today of the demand issued Monday to hire interim police director Michael Rallings as permanent police director. The group had originally praised Rallings for marching with protesters on Sunday night, but on Tuesday, one member of the group issued a statement blaming Rallings for disorder at the community meeting (although the chaotic atmosphere seemed to have more to do with how the meeting was organized rather than anything Rallings said or did).

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Opinion Viewpoint

Crossing the Line Between Black and Blue

Black lives matter. Blue lives matter. Both statements must be made true if the heartbreaking loss of life in Dallas is to have any meaning.

The killing spree that left five police officers dead and seven others wounded should be classified as an act of domestic terrorism. The shooter, identified as 25-year-old Micah Xavier Johnson, apparently believed he was committing an act of political violence.

Eugene Robinson

Our duty, to honor the fallen, is to ensure that Johnson’s vile and cowardly act has the opposite impact from what he sought. Johnson, who was captured on video shooting one officer in the back, was killed when police, who had tried unsuccessfully to negotiate his surrender, sent a robot his way bearing an explosive device.

Enough about him, except this one thing: He said he was motivated by hatred over the deaths of two more black men — Alton Sterling in Baton Rouge and Philando Castile in Falcon Heights, Minnesota — at the hands of police. The slain police officers were protecting a lawful, peaceful demonstration to protest those same deaths. As the crowd, perhaps more than 800 strong, marched through downtown Dallas, there was anger but no real tension. Certainly there was no sense of danger; police were not wearing riot gear or riding in armored vehicles. Instead, officers chatted and took selfies with the demonstrators. They had no fear of encounter and dialogue.

The great irony is that Dallas is something of a model. Mayor Mike Rawlings was right when he told reporters that Dallas is “one of the premier community policing cities in the country.” Since Police Chief David O. Brown took over in 2010, complaints of excessive force by officers have dropped by nearly two-thirds. Police shootings have been halved, from 23 in 2012 to just 11 in 2015 — and only one so far this year, according to Police Department data.

Brown happens to be African-American, but that’s not the most significant thing about him. What’s important is that Brown was quick to understand that the chasm between police officers and young men of color was real — and that it could be bridged. His officers undergo training in how to de-escalate conflicts rather than heat them up; they learn to speak calmly when approaching suspects instead of immediately barking orders. When there is a police shooting, uniformed presence around the scene is ramped down as soon as possible.

The department, unlike many others, keeps track of police shootings and publishes the figures on the city’s website. And Brown keeps looking for new ways to improve relations between police and the community, realizing that diversity is not a destination but a shared journey.

The Dallas Police Department is not perfect, of course, but its efforts to improve the way officers interact with citizens stand in contrast to the appalling police work we saw in the cellphone videos recording the deaths that prompted protests around the country. Sterling was on the ground in front of a convenience store, restrained by officers and posing no apparent threat, when he was shot to death. Castile, pulled over in a traffic stop, was apparently reaching for his identification to hand to the officer who shot him.

The video of Castile’s final moments was streamed on the internet by his girlfriend, Diamond Reynolds. In her narration, she says Castile informed the officer that he was licensed to carry a firearm. It is no stretch to imagine that to the officer, this meant Castile was an armed and dangerous black man. Which leads me to a question I shouldn’t have to ask: Does the Second Amendment apply to African Americans too?

But the solution is not more guns. The solution is to end the undervaluing of lives, both black and blue. Poor, troubled, crime-ridden communities are those that most want and need effective policing. But the paradigm cannot be us versus them. It has to be us with us — a relationship of mutual respect. I hope police officers around the nation see how rapidly and completely the people of Dallas — including those in the Black Lives Matter movement — have rallied around their city’s bereaved police department. I hope they understand that compassion for Sterling, Castile, and others killed by police in no way mitigates the nation’s profound sorrow for the brave officers killed in Dallas. Such tragedy is beyond color.

Eugene Robinson writes for the Washington Post Writers Group.

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News News Blog

Black Lives Matter Responds to Monday’s Community Meeting

The official Black Lives Matter chapter has released their response to Monday night’s meeting with Mayor Jim Strickland and Interim Memphis Police Director Michael Rallings at Greater Imani Church. The meeting was held in response to Sunday’s protest that blocked traffic on the I-40 bridge. Although that protest was peaceful, Monday night’s meeting was chaotic, as attendees vied for the microphone to voice their concerns and organizers urged “decorum” through most of the event.

Monday night’s meeting at Greater Imani Church

This is Black Lives Matter’s official statement: 

Sunday, Memphians joined together downtown to speak out against police brutality and to demand that city officials recognize that Black lives do matter, especially in an area that has a majority Black population. While the official Black Lives Matter Memphis Chapter did not organize this momentous protest, we are proud of what was accomplished under the banner of #BlackLivesMatter. Our members were able to attend and stand in solidarity with other protesters to show city officials that we will no longer sit idly by while injustice continues to reign in our city and country.

As a result of Sunday’s action, city officials and protesters called for a community meeting that took place yesterday at Greater Imani Church at 4 p.m. as an effort to hear the concerns of Memphians around the issue of police brutality and to develop a plan together. Members of the chapter attended yesterday’s meeting, one that revealed the frustrations, anger, and traumas of Black Memphians. Memphis has been ranked as one of the poorest cities in the country with a 29.8% poverty rate, which is above the national average; Black citizens have a poverty rate of 34.4%.

Since 2012, 29 individuals have been killed by Memphis police officers, most of whom were people of color. It is clear that the community members’ responses were a direct result of living in deplorable conditions for years. In association with the Memphis Grassroots Organizations Coalition, we would like to encourage Memphians to continue to put pressure on the system and city officials. In order to affirm Black lives, we must affirm the experiences and frustrations of Black people.

It is important to remember that this is a movement, not a moment, and our goal is to challenge and dismantle systems that are unjust and oppressive. We encourage those who attended yesterday’s meeting to commit to this work for the long haul. All concerns and questions were not addressed yesterday, and we will continue to hold city officials accountable. We want to be clear that the onus cannot be placed on the backs of the Black people who are most affected by these conditions. As Jesse Williams said, “the burden of the brutalized is not to comfort the bystander.” We hope that community members will stand with us in continuing to press for sustainable change in Memphis, which includes police reform, educational resources, job security, a living wage, reproductive justice, and adequate housing, especially in Black communities.

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News News Blog

Meeting Panelist Not Happy with Rallings; New Protests at Graceland

Michael Rallings

One of the organizers of Sunday’s massive Black Lives Matter-style protest on the I-40 bridge and Monday night’s chaotic meeting with Mayor Jim Strickland and Memphis Police Interim Director Mike Rallings at Greater Imani Church sent the following letter to the Memphis media this morning. Keedran Franklin is not happy with how Monday’s meeting went, and he’s pointing fingers at Rallings, who last night got a standing ovation for his show of unity during the previous night’s protest.

On Tuesday afternoon, Franklin was one of about 30 protesters at another Black Lives Matter protest outside Graceland. Several people, including Franklin, were arrested for blocking traffic on Elvis Presley.

Dir. Mike Rallings

Memphis Police Department

This letter regards our agreement of July 10, 2016, which was the impetus for the termination of the citizens’ occupation of the I-40 bridge at Memphis. You personally made the agreement with this group of citizens.

You failed to honor the agreement. While we made the concession of not meeting that night at 9:30 p.m. at the FedEx Forum, as agreed, you made the unilateral decision on the venue and the participants. You allowed those who had nothing to do with the agreement or the event that precipitated the agreement to control the meeting. You decided or allowed the decision to be made of who would speak.

While you honored your staff for keeping the peace, you failed to honor the citizens who also kept the peace. You allowed politicians, who have proven to be ineffective and/or unwilling to make positive changes in the city, to be seated in positions above the citizens with whom you agreed to meet, giving the appearance of honoring those who have not demonstrated true concern for the citizens.

Finally, the items you had agreed to discuss with us were not discussed. You made a mockery of our agreement. You broke the trust. This says to us that you are not a man of your word. While others sing your praises, we have data that you have proven to be less than praise worthy. We are disappointed.

Sincerely,

The Concerned Citizens

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News News Blog

Mayor, Police Director Hear Community Concerns Following Night of Protest

A meeting organized to address concerns with policing of African-American communities and city programming for inner-city youth descended into chaos on Monday afternoon, as attendees of the meeting vied for a chance to have their frustrations heard.

Mayor Jim Strickland and interim Memphis Police Director Michael Rallings were on a panel at the meeting at Greater Imani Church, which was hastily organized on Sunday night by the same people who organized the massive, peaceful Black Lives Matter-style demonstration that blocked traffic on the I-40 bridge for hours. That protest and Monday night’s meeting were organized by local minister (and former intern to Congressman Steve Cohen) Devante Hill. The local chapter of Black Lives Matter did not organize Sunday’s protest, but many members were there in support.

The chaotic atmosphere of the meeting seemed largely due to how quickly it was organized. One person on the panel reminded the audience that they only had 12 hours to organize the two-hour meeting. The organizers asked audience members to write questions on comment cards, but many who didn’t fill out cards stood in line for the microphone. When people were cut off for going over time or not allowed to speak because someone else was waiting, the crowd booed and shouted.

“I was there at the protest yesterday, and what we are witnessing now is true frustration,” said Rep. Antonio Parkinson. “These people deserve to be heard.”

Strickland eventually agreed to respond online to every comment card he received within 30 days. Hill suggested that the mayor should hire two inner-city youth as interns to help him post all the responses.

The crowd did seem to agree on at least one thing — they want Strickland to hire Rallings as the permanent police chief. Rallings has applied for the job, and a number of attendees said they wanted Rallings to be hired on the spot Monday night. 

“The police director position will not be made tonight. But I’ve been impressed with Rallings for years, and I think we saw last night why I asked him to apply,” Strickland said, to which the crowd booed and demanded immediate action.

Strickland said he couldn’t bypass the hiring process, and he had to give equal consideration to all the candidates for the position. Later in the meeting, Rallings said “If Memphians are willing to work with me, I will consider taking the job. We asked for 30 days of no killing, and if we’re committed to making the city better, let’s follow through.”

At the beginning of the meeting, the crowd gave Rallings a standing ovation for his response to Sunday night’s protest, during which he walked with protesters arm in arm.

Hill outlined four demands for the mayor and police director. The first was to hire Rallings. The second demand was to invest more city Public Works contract funds into minority-owned businesses, to which Strickland said that his office had already made progress.

“We’ve increased contracts by 17 percent for minority- and women-owned firms since January,” Strickland said.

Other demands included more emphasis on community policing and cultural sensitivity training for officers and committing more funding for youth programs and crime prevention programs.

Although many in attendance didn’t get a chance to voice their questions, the organizers said they’ll have another chance at a second community meeting with the mayor and police director next Thursday, July 21st at Greater Community Temple Church of God in Christ (5151 Winchester).

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Film/TV Film/TV/Etc. Blog

Music Video Monday: The Staple Singers

Music Video Monday is proud to be a Memphian today. 

In the wake of the police killings of Philadro Castille in St. Paul and Alton Sterling in Baton Rouge, and the mass shooting of police officers in Dallas, Black Lives Matter protests have turned into violent confrontations all over the country. Last night in Memphis, when BLM protestors set out to shut down the Hernando de Soto bridge over the Mississippi, the events of the spring of 1968 loomed large over their actions. On March 28 of that year, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. led a march downtown in support of the Sanitation Workers strike that ended in a violent riot. When Dr. King returned a week later to lead a second, hopefully peaceful march, he was assassinated, and the city—not to mention the world—was never the same.

But last night was different. There were no arrests, no violent confrontations. The protestors exercised their First Amendment rights to peaceably assemble and seek redress of their grievances with their government, and the police response–which included Interim Police Chief Michael Rallings marching arm in arm with the protestors as they cleared the bridge—was exemplary. These Memphians were determined to set an example for America and the world. This protest that could have ended in violence, recrimination, and division has instead brought us together and focused our attention on the problems of racial disparity in law enforcement. This one incident is not going to automagically solve the deep racial and economic divisions of our city, but maybe, just maybe, we took a step towards putting the ghosts of ’68 to rest. 

On August 20, 1972, the stars of Stax played a massive outdoor concert in the Los Angeles Colesium to call attention to the still-unhealed scars of riots that had occurred in that city’s Watts neighborhood seven years earlier. In this clip from David L. Wolper and Marty Stewart’s documentary Wattstax, Pops Staples leads his family and a crowd of 112,000 in song. The power of “Respect Yourself” echoes across the decades, and we’re sending it out to all the brave women and men on the bridge who showed our country a way forward. 

Music Video Monday: The Staple Singers

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News News Blog

Black Lives Matter Protest Blocks Traffic Downtown

A Black Lives Matter protest that began with a rally at FedExForum turned into a massive march through downtown Memphis, eventually shutting down traffic on the I-40 bridge  and then winding down Beale Street to Second.

The rally at FedExForum started at 6 p.m., but protesters eventually marched toward 201 Poplar and then the I-40 bridge, and by 7 p.m., traffic was at a standstill in both directions. Early on in the protest, Interim Memphis Police Director Michael Rallings made an appearance, and he locked arms in solidarity with some protesters.

By 8:30, the crowd had moved away from the bridge and began marching toward Beale Street. Police cars blocked traffic at intersections along the route to allow the marchers to get safely through. As the marchers paraded down Beale, a few tourists and onlookers from the street joined in. Others stood on the sidelines, snapping photos with their phones or raising their power fists. When an onlooker would raise a fist, several others in the march would raise their fists in response.

The marchers turned right onto Second, and the crowd stopped for about 20 minutes at the intersection of Peabody Place and Second, in front of the Flyer Saucer. People in cars stopped at the light at Peabody Place continually honked their horns, but it was unclear if they were honking in solidarity or because they were angry about being stuck in traffic. 

A couple men, who looked to be in their late 20s or early 30s, jumped on top of a car that was parked. One man grabbed an orange traffic cone to use as a megaphone, and he led the crowd in a lively chant of “No Justice, No Peace.” Afterward, he asked everyone gathered to join hands. Many protesters grabbed the hand of their neighbor and raised their hands high.

A crew of men on crotch rockets drove down Peabody Place, but were stopped at the light by protesters. The crowd gathered around them, and the men revved their engines, creating huge clouds of exhaust. The revving of engines seemed to excite some protesters, and a few men took their shirts off and spun them around their heads like helicopters. But others ran away from the crotch rocket crew to escape the smoke and exhaust coming from their engines. It was unclear if the men on motorcycles — a mixture of black and white men — were revving their engines in a show of support or if they were just trying to break through the crowd. Eventually, the protesters moved away and let them pass, and the motorcycles turned right onto Second.

During the time the protesters were blocking traffic at Peabody and Second, very few — if any — Memphis Police officers were in sight. Most of the police were gathered a few blocks away at FedExForum, where the rally began. Eventually, the protesters turned around and headed back down Beale and back to the Forum, all the while chanting “No Justice, No Peace.” They gathered on the Forum’s plaza, and a woman, standing on a concrete platform, raised her voice to say she’d heard the police had threatened arrest, so she suggested the group march back to the I-40 bridge because “they can’t arrest us all.”

As she spoke, about 10 or so police cars and a Blue Crush paddy wagon drove down Third Street with blue lights flashing. That’s when the crowd began heading back to the bridge. The protest broke up peacefully shortly after. 

The protests came in response to fatal shootings of two black men — Alton Sterling in Baton Rouge and Philando Castile near St. Paul, Minnesota — last week by police officers in their respective cities. Also last week, five Dallas police officers were killed when a lone gunman ambushed the officers in a sniper attack after a protest there last Thursday night.

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Mayor Jim Strickland released the following statement about the protest on Sunday night: 

“As a majority black city, I recognize that Memphis is part of a larger national conversation about race in America, and how some of our citizens feel disenfranchised. To that end, I am hopeful that our city will remain part of the conversation in a way that is respectful and recognizes our humanity.

“As Memphis mayor, I respect the Constitution and the right to assemble peacefully in protest. Tonight, the protests have been peaceful thanks to the great work of the Memphis Police Department, the Tennessee Highway Patrol and all of our partners.

“There will be an initial conversation tonight and we will have follow-up conversations in the coming days. We are here to fully support those conversations — and my door has always been open. But we want to do it in a legal way, as well. Let me be clear: you can exercise your First Amendment rights without breaking the law.”

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News News Blog

Black Lives Matter To Protest Civil Rights Museum Exhibit

James Pate

One of the works from James Pate’s ‘Kin Killin’ Kin’ exhibit

From now until April 29th, the National Civil Rights Museum will be showing works by artist James Pate that compare black-on-black violence to the violent acts of the Ku Klux Klan. But the local chapter of Black Lives Matter has called the exhibit “morally and intellectually dishonest.”

Black Lives Matter will hold a protest outside the Civil Rights Museum on Thursday at 6 p.m., the same time artist Pate will be doing a meet-and-greet with those viewing the exhibit inside the museum.

Pate’s charcoal drawings portray young black men donning KKK hoods or committing acts of gun violence. Cincinnati native Pate, who is black, has said that his work was inspired by conversations he’d had in his own community, in which people had pointed out similarities between gang violence and the KKK’s racist brand of violence.

But a press release issued by the Memphis chapter of Black Lives Matter disagrees with that comparison.

“Comparing ‘black on black’ crime to the KKK, a domestic terrorist organization, is morally and intellectually dishonest and has nothing to do with the history of the Black freedom struggle that is showcased in the National Civil Rights Museum. To equate the KKK to a group of people who have been enslaved, segregated, and degraded into second-class citizenship is callous and outright offensive. Moreover, this exhibit fails to address the root causes of crimes in predominately Black neighborhoods, which is that crime is a reaction to a lack of resources,” read the press release.