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‘Tis the Season … to Shop Memphis!

The best way to give truly original and unique presents for the holidays this year is to stay at home. Well, not literally at your home; that wouldn’t be any fun. We mean you should buy local — do your holiday shopping at businesses here in Memphis and Shelby County. Shopping local helps Memphis-area merchants and the local economy. And it says you care enough to get off your duff and go pick something out instead of just staring at your laptop and tapping into the internet.

There are many great local shopping options and areas — Broad Avenue, Downtown, Cooper-Young, Laurelwood, Saddle Creek, Overton Square — to name just a few. Try our local bakeries, breweries, boutiques, bistros, and even places that don’t start with “b.” For even more ideas, just browse the pages of the Flyer and see what our beloved advertisers have to offer.

And, just because we’re helpful that way, those of us on the editorial staff also came up with a few suggestions.

Now, get out there and do your civic duty and shop! You’ll be glad you did. And so will we.

Illustrations by Greg Cravens

Stoned Ninjas

Every year, Mid-Southerners find themselves asking: What sort of locally sourced holiday gifts might make a good stocking stuffer for the pot smoker and/or ninja in my life? This once-unsolvable challenge has finally been addressed thanks to the creative team behind Stoned Ninja, a small, Memphis-made comic book title drawn by cartoonist/illustrator (and frequent Memphis Flyer contributor) Greg Cravens. In addition to creating weed and martial arts-themed stories about a street level hero who can vanish in a puff of smoke, Stoned Ninja also produces its own line of 100 percent hemp rolling papers and Stoned Ninja T-shirts.

“When I was a kid, comics were in every grocery store and quickie mart in the country, and they aren’t anymore,” Cravens says, explaining the potential for headshops to expand comic distribution. “The market has narrowed down to where you have to go hard target search for a comic shop to go get comics,” he says. “What we’ve got is something we can sell in another store to another targeted audience. So, that’s the pitch when we approach larger publishers. There are potentially 25,000 more shops you can put your comic into if you’ll just pay attention.”

Stoned Ninja writer and mastermind Gabriel DeRanzo credits 901 Comics owner Shannon Merritt for his new business venture. Shortly after opening shop in Cooper-Young, Merritt launched Bad Dog Comics to publish locally produced graphic literature. Cravens and DeRanzo met at 901, and their collaboration on Stoned Ninja began after a meeting to organize the first Bad Dog Comics Anthology.

Stoned Ninja was originally inspired by the classic Kung Fu comedy Drunken Master and developed as a means to explore pot culture beyond the usual burnout stereotypes. “So I asked myself, if there can be a Drunken Master, why can’t there be a Stoned Ninja?” DeRanzo says.

DeRanzo’s vision extended beyond the glossy pages of a monthly title. The right merchandise wouldn’t just tie it all together, it could be a bridge to new markets. “Given the content of the comic, I figured there was no reason to go less than 100 percent pure hemp,” DeRanzo says of Stoned Ninja rolling papers. “So it’s as good a quality paper as anything out there, and we’re offering fun packaging. On the inside flap, there’s a comic and we’re going to change that flap every time we put in a new order. So Stoned Ninja will be like Bazooka Joe Bubble gum.”

Stoned Ninja comics are available at 901 Comics and Whatever stores. Stoned Ninja starter packs, which include a comic book, a T-shirt, and a pack of papers are available online at stonedninjacomics.com. — Chris Davis

Game On!

A new gaming paradigm has emerged recently, based on creating total immersion in an environment. The chief example is Virtual Reality (VR), where a visual/audio headset fills your senses, projects a 3D space around you, and senses your movements in it.

You can buy a home VR rig, but to really experience the state of the art, a VR arcade is the way to go. It is a remarkable experience. David Callahan of Bluff City VR in Cordova says it’s impossible to describe. “The technology is so amazing, it’s like trying to explain color to someone who’s color-blind. Until you put the headset on, you just won’t get it.”

For that reason, he says, “everyone that walks in the door gets a free demo. It’s more realistic than the most realistic 3D movie you’ve ever seen. It really feels like you’re inside the video game.”

While none of the 30 available games can be played by more than one person, Callahan says, “each booth also has a TV set that displays what the person’s seeing in the headset. So it’s perfect as a group activity to sit there and watch the person play. And you can talk back and forth.”

There’s no limit to how many can share a one hour room rental ($39), swapping time with the headset, and you can even rent all five gaming rooms for larger events. www.bluffcityvr.com

If your tastes are less techy, try one of the challenges at Memphis Escape Rooms. For one hour, eight people come together to puzzle over clues and mechanisms that will unlock a door (although anyone who needs to leave can do so). Up to eight friends can book time together at around $20 per person. But if it’s just you, says assistant manager Brianna Berg, “you could end up working with total strangers, which is always fun, because people work in different ways. Sometimes having people from outside your group can really open your eyes to different ways to solve the puzzles.”

And if you’ve tried such rooms elsewhere, keep in mind that these are unique: “We create the rooms completely ourselves. All the themes, puzzles, and rooms are built by us.” Many scenarios are available at their two locations. Gift the gift of game! — Alex Greene

www.memphisescaperooms.com

Fitted To a Tee

What can we say? Your friends are total homers, but their T-shirt game is tight. Help them build on it with a well-thought-out, Memphis-centric gift.

If your friend bleeds blue, then a stop at the Tiger Bookstore is a must. Steer clear of the gingham blazer, no matter how snazzy. The back wall is where it’s at. They’ve got your grays and royal and navy blues, your standard logos and fancier prints, in both long sleeve and short. They run about $14 to $15. tigerbookstore.com

Memphicity Design is the go-to place for Grizzlies and Tigers fans, with their nods to gritting and grinding and One Cent. Pancho’s and Piggly Wiggly lovers are covered as well. T-shirts run from $10 to $20. Buy three, get one free. memphicitydesign.com

City pride never looked so elegant with the etchy sketchy designs with the Pyramid in comfy grays available at B. Collective. That doesn’t mean they can’t get funky — witness their dead Elvis shirt and the 9.oh.1 one with the bridge. Prices range from $25 to $35. bcollectiveshop.com

The pickup line “Are you from Tennessee? Because you’re the only ten I see” is a real groaner, but ablazed on your chest, it’s damn near a thing of beauty. The Five in One design is particularly swell: a retro color scheme, the Hernando-Desoto bridge, a funky-fonted “Memphis.” Five in One also carries a Crosstown-proud shirt and other Memphis-y tops. There’s also a great hoodie with a yellow “Memphis” with ’70s flair. The only thing you’ll be arrested for in this hoodie is being too cool. T-shirts are $32; hoodie $62. fiveinone.org

The mecca for the hip T-shirt hound is West Tn Print & Trade Co. on Cleveland near Crosstown. They’re the ones who birthed the “Memphis as F**k” shirt. Among their inventory: “Santa’s Favorite Memphis Kid”; “Go Tigers, Y’all”; “Memphis: Be Nice or Leave”; “Keep Midtown Sketchy”; “Memphis vs. All Y’all”; “Memphis BBQ Kicks Ass”; “Memphis F**king Tennessee”; and more. All shirts can be made into a dog shirt for $20 for any pups that are living large. T-shirts are $20 or three for $50. westtntradeandprintco.com — Susan Ellis

Get Potted

There are a handful places in town to send your friends and family to get their creative juices flowing, but if they want to put their hands to work, get a little messy, and create a masterpiece, Seize the Clay is a good choice. This year, gift the creatives in your life the experience of creating.

At Seize the Clay, they can make and paint pottery, as well as fuse glass. Owner, Adam Loeffel says all three options lend to having a “fun, creative time.” It’s a nice break from the corporate commercial retail world, he says.

“It’s an opportunity for people to take time out of their day, be creative, and have quiet time,” Loeffel says. “It’s a chance to make something. We live in a world where everything comes at us so fast, but making things takes time. So there’s a big sense of accomplishment when you see your finished product.”

Loeffel says painting pre-made pottery, specifically coffee mugs, is the most popular option. The turnaround time is much faster, he says. You simply pick a ceramic piece, costing anywhere from $8 to $100, paint it to your heart’s desire, and then the staff does the rest. In three to five days, the piece is fired and ready to be used.

For those who are more patient and have more time (and money) on their hands, Loeffel says the studio also holds four- and six-session potter’s wheel classes, priced at $250 and $350, respectively. Meant for beginners, the in-depth classes cover how to throw bowls, plates, and mugs. Class attendance requires a reservation. Loeffel says making pottery from scratch is a bit of a process, but it’s a nice therapy-like way to relax.

Finally, on Thursday evenings, a class-fusing workshop teaches participants how to design, cut, and assemble their own glass pieces. There’s no cost to attend the class except for the cost of the project made. — Maya Smith

Seize the Clay, 3084 Poplar, is open Tuesday through Sunday with varying hours. Gift cards for any dollar amount are available.

Give the Flyer

Here’s an idea: Give the Memphis Flyer for Christmas. Not literally, of course. I mean, we’re free, and you’d look really cheap stuffing a Memphis Flyer in Mom’s stocking. But you can give a Frequent Flyer membership for as little as $5 or $10 a month. In return, your giftee will get some swag — a snazzy Flyer “wings” pin, a T-shirt, a decal, invites to our parties and events — depending on the gift level you choose for them. They’ll get weekly updates on events, and special ticket offers, and your lucky Frequent Flyer will will get their name printed in the paper several times a year, and on the ever-growing list of members that can be found on the Flyer website.

For more information and details about how to become a Frequent Flyer, go to support.memphisflyer.com — and help keep Memphis’ only progressive news source free. — Bruce VanWyngarden

Park It Here … or There

Tennessee State Parks again invites you to “skip the Black Friday shopping and join us on the day after Thanksgiving for a post-holiday hike with family and friends.” Parks officials have offered free hikes in Tennessee’s 56 state parks for a few years now (and this year with the handy hashtag #thankful4hiking). 

“We have hikes for all ages and abilities, from easy peaceful strolls to rugged ramblings,” say state park officials. 

And the parks website makes it easy to find a hike near you. Easily, the closest hike to Memphis is the After-Thanksgiving Day hike at Meeman-Shelby Forest State Park. Ranger Colton Garner will lead a hike down the bike trail to the Woodland Shelter, where he’ll talk about the creation of the park. The hour-long hike starts at 3 p.m. from Shelter No. 2. — Toby Sells

‘Tis the Seasoning

If you say you’re giving someone vinegar for Christmas, people might equate that with ashes and switches. But hold on. The Mighty Olive sells an array of flavored balsamic vinegars, which make dandy gifts. They even sell a variety gift pack of vinegars, complete with ribbon.

Still not sold? I might not have been either, until I tried a small cup of vanilla ice cream topped with The Mighty Olive’s dark chocolate balsamic vinegar at the recent Art on Fire party at Dixon Gallery & Gardens. I didn’t stop at one cup; I think I had four or five. It was incredibly delicious.

It’s got the taste of chocolate and it’s “got some tartness,” says The Mighty Olive owner Sam Braslow. “When you put it over ice cream, it just works.”

It’s great on strawberries, too, Braslow says. And if you mix the dark chocolate with the raspberry balsamic vinegar, you’ve got a great taste treat.

Once, you get started with the dark chocolate and strawberry vinegars, try some of the other balsamic vinegars, including blackberry ginger and mission fig. All of those sound like they’d be dandy on ice cream. Or yogurt. Or just salads. They also sell traditional style balsamic vinegar, but Mighty Olive’s aged balsamic vinegar has no caramel coloring and no sugar. The Mighty Olive sells olive oils, too, if you want variety in your stockings. Vinegars range from $10 to $40.

And remember: Balsamic vinegar and olive oil are presents that are good for you. Kind of like Christmas pajamas. — Michael Donahue

The Mighty Olive is at 4615 Poplar No. 18; 901-240-6226

Shab Chic Marketplace

Skip the big-box store melee and shop in a box at The Edge District.

The Shab Chic Marketplace kicks off its inaugural Holiday Market on Friday in The Edge and will run every weekend until the Sunday before Christmas Eve. The market and its vendors operate out of “articulately designed” shipping containers, located across the street from Edge Alley and High Cotton Brewing on Monroe.

The market’s innovative look matches its innovative mission as a sort of business incubator for local startups. It’s a partnership with the Memphis Medical District Collaborative.

 “When our team created Shab Chic Marketplace, we understood the influence it could have on the community and small businesses, and we’re ecstatic to see our community being a part of such a unique project and a part of the Holiday Market,” say Marketplace owners Brian Christion and Ebony Doss.

The market will feature Memphis-only vendors such as My Heavenly Creations Soap and Sundries for bath bombs and (you guessed it) soaps. Get your subtle/fresh Memphis-themed hats, hoodies,  and more from 9.oh.1 TheLabel. If you — like Janey Bees Jems — believe “life’s too short to wear boring jewelry,” look for their shop at the Holiday Market. With apparel from The Crybaby Club, you can wear your sad on the outside. 

Marketplace visitors should also expect a coffee vendor, booths from local nonprofits, and a Memphis Medical District Collaborative information station. Weekends at the market will also feature gift-wrapping, entertainment, contests, and more.

The market runs Fridays (4 p.m.-7 p.m.), Saturdays (noon-7 p.m.), and Sundays (noon-4 p.m.) through December 23rd. — TS 

For more information, look for Shab Chic Marketplace on Facebook.

That’s Oil, Folks

Let’s face it: Even if you love Christmas music and tinsel, the holidays can be stressful. Maybe the best gift you can give someone you love this season is a little relaxation.  

Cannabidiol is derived from the hemp plant, but it’s not psychoactive. It is, however, nontoxic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic. Most importantly for holiday purposes, CBD is anxiolytic, which means it helps reduce anxiety that might be generated by, say, a political discussion with your intense uncle.

America is in the midst of an explosion of CBD products, and Tennessee is no exception. Several companies have sprung up in the last year, since industrial hemp production was legalized in Tennessee. Maggie’s Pharm in Overton Square carries CBD products from Veteran Grown from Clarksville. Veteran Grown Anxiety Starter Kit includes a vial of their popular Hemp Extract Tincture, along with CBD infused candies and lollipops.

Memphis-based Simply Hemp offers their own extremely popular Full Spectrum CBD Oil, which helps with everyday aches and pains. Their Sleep Support Oral Spray combines CBD, melatonin, and valerian root to help put you down for a long winter’s nap.

But the sleeper in Simply Hemp’s product line is their selection of CDB herbal teas. The Optimum Focus and Clarity tea includes peppermint, gotu kola, ginkgo, and lemongrass. The delicious White Spicy Peach Blend mixes organic white tea with orange, cinnamon, and allspice. The Decadence Heart Health and Anti Inflammatory is a rich blend of chocolate red rooibos, ginger, and cardamom. And the Optimum Chill Time chamomile blend sells itself. Add in a CBD infused honey stick, and a cup of tea will be your ticket out of holiday headache land.

Oh wait, this is supposed to be a guide to gifts you can buy for other people. Well, you can do that, too, I guess. — Chris McCoy

Gift a Museum

One way to give the gift of Memphis is to give the opportunity to experience our art, history, and culture — and there’s a lot to choose from. For history buffs, music nerds, or art aficionados, Memphis’ museums offer a veritable smorgasbord of sights and sounds. Another great thing about museums? They’re warm in the winter and air-conditioned in the summer, making them a great way to get out of the house — especially when family’s visiting and the house feels two sizes too small. Here are a few to choose from:

Pink Palace Clarence Saunders invented the self-serve grocery store and, in doing so, made himself a fortune. He never got to move into the pink marble mansion he commissioned with the proceeds, but the city of Memphis turned the mansion into a museum. (And don’t worry, Saunders wasn’t destitute.) The museum has grown and expanded many times since then, but it has remained a destination for Memphians. Every year, Mid-South children fight squeamishness as they ogle the shrunken head or the wax dummy of a Civil War-era doctor amputating a soldier’s leg. And the shrunken head, the giant-sized Burton Callicott murals, Elvis’ GI uniform, and W.C. Handy’s trumpet are just a few of the treasured artifacts that make their home within the Pink Palace Museum. Individual and dual memberships are $75, and family memberships start at $100 a year.

National Civil Rights Museum MLK50 happened this year, a series of events commemorating the memory and the message of civil rights leader Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., and that makes a membership to the National Civil Rights Museum a timely gift. Located at the former Lorraine Motel, where civil rights leader Dr. King was assassinated, the Civil Rights Museum continues to promote activism and is considered to be one of the nation’s premiere cultural and heritage museums. Individual memberships are $50, and family memberships start at $75 a year.

Stax Museum Booker T. & the MGs were my dad’s favorite band, and Stax hits were the soundtrack around my childhood home, so maybe I’m biased when I say that the Stax Museum might be the coolest museum in the country. The museum offers a totally immersive experience, setting the stage for soul music’s ascendency with information about gospel and the blues, the musical forebears that mixed to give birth to soul. The museum has maps of old Memphis neighborhoods, an exact replica of the legendary converted movie theater where Stax artists cut records, and even Isaac Hayes’ funky Cadillac Eldorado. Individual memberships are $50, and family memberships start at $100 a year.

Dixon Gallery & Gardens A stroll through the Dixon grounds makes for an idyllic way to while away the hours, ambling up and down the paths that wind through the gardens. The Dixon is tucked away in a quiet, tree-lined property off Park Avenue, and it makes for a great destination to escape the hustle and bustle of the city. And all that before even entering the gallery, which houses traveling exhibits and regional art. A past exhibit of French impressionism was so comprehensive, I had to make multiple trips back to take it all in. Individual memberships are $45, and family memberships start at $60 a year.

Brooks Museum of Art This year, the art broke out of the museum and onto the walls of buildings all over town, as part of Julien de Casabianca and the Brooks’ Outings Project. Of course, every inch of the Bluff City would be covered if all of the Brooks’ artworks were so displayed. For the avid art lover, a membership to the Brooks is an ideal gift, as it would take days to view and appreciate every artwork in the expansive museum. Individual memberships are $45, dual memberships are $65, and family memberships start at $75 a year.

Cotton Museum Long before music and food tourism, Grizzlies basketball, and FedEx, cotton was the cash crop of Memphis, which is why the Cotton Museum purports to “tell the story of how Memphis came to be.” It’s a cozy museum on the corner of Union and Front Downtown, and it’s the doorway to some of Memphis’ formative history. Individual memberships are $45, and family memberships start at $75 a year. — Jesse Davis

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Cover Feature News

CBD is Legal: Does It Work? Is It Safe?

The Bust

In February 2018, 23 businesses in Rutherford County were raided by police. Operation Candy Crush came about when Rutherford County District Attorney General Jennings H. Jones acted on reports that stores in the area were selling marijuana-laced candies. Stores were shuttered, 21 people were indicted, and Jones held a triumphal press conference to let his constituents know that he was protecting the community against drug pushers.

But there was a problem with Operation Candy Crush. The products in question were derived from cannabis sativa, but they had no intoxicating effects. The gummies contained cannabidiol (CBD), but not tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).

A few months before the raid, in May 2017, the Tennessee legislature had unanimously approved a measure legalizing the cultivation of industrial hemp in the state. The bill included a provision that allowed the sale of hemp-derived products containing less than 0.3 percent THC without a prescription, as long as the products are tested and clearly labeled.

“General Jones could not be more misguided in his attempt to interpret the law. He is completely mistaken, perhaps intentionally so,” Joe Kirkpatrick, president of the Tennessee Hemp Industries Association told the Murfreesboro Voice.

By March, all charges brought by Operation Candy Crush had been dropped, the stores reopened, and their confiscated cash returned. CBD was now unquestionably legal in Tennessee.

The Boom

For the past three years, Memphians Paula Robinson and her business partner, Tracy DuMars, have run a successful mail-order store through the online retailer Amazon. Last year, they were contacted by producers of CBD products asking them to consider selling oils, salves, candies, and sprays. At first, Robinson says she was hesitant. “You always get nervous because of state laws and the federal government. But everybody in the industry was talking about how CBD was legal in all 50 states. It settled our minds.”

Robinson and DuMars attended a “Hemp Summit,” where experts and early adopters in the burgeoning field of medicinal cannabinoids pitched their wares. “Everybody got up on stage and did their presentation, with their research and how long they had been in business,” says Robinson.

The pair were impressed with what they heard. “We decided instead of selling other people’s products, we would sell our own.”

They partnered with a skin-care products manufacturer who was eager to get into the CBD business and created Simply Hemp oils, oral sprays, teas, and even honey sticks infused with cannabidiol. But there was a problem: You can’t sell CBD on Amazon, because as far as the federal government is concerned, it’s still a Schedule 1 controlled substance.

“But that’s about to change,” says Robinson. “The Senate just passed the 2018 Farm Bill, that Mitch McConnell is a big player in. It will be in a separate category from marijuana: CBD from industrial hemp. It will be completely legal in the eyes of the federal government.”

Robinson and DuMars lacked a brick-and-mortar store, but started selling their products by mail and at fairs and flea markets. They found rapidly growing demand. “Since our first festival in April, we are getting repeat customers from everywhere we’ve gone,” DuMars says. “We have a lot of repeat customers for the sleep spray.”

Maggie’s Pharm has been selling dietary supplements and herbal remedies in Overton Square since 1979. Manager Sue Jordan says, earlier this year, they were contacted by Veteran Grown, a Clarksville, Tennessee, industrial hemp operation. “At first we were like, ‘Is this stuff legal?'” she recalls.

Sue Jordan (left) and Bella Golightly with CBD gummies, oils, and other products at Maggie’s Pharm in Midtown.

Bella Golightly, who works behind the counter at Maggie’s Pharm, knew there was pent-up demand for CBD. “So many people were asking for it before we even had it.”

Now, the CBD tincture, extract, sprays, and candies are flying off the shelves. Their restocking orders went from monthly to weekly. “It was pretty much instantaneous,” says Jordan.

What’s It For?

When I asked Facebookers for their experiences with CBD, I was inundated with testimonials. “I’m getting eye injections for Diabetic Retinopathy,” says Mitch McCracken. “I also have problems with Peripheral Neuropathy, which is nerve pain in my feet. Rest assured that since being diagnosed [with diabetes] in 2003, I have done a lot of research on how to live longer.”

For 15 years, McCracken’s diabetes has caused burning sensations in his feet at night and numbness during the day. “I take medication for it, but the pain and burning are still always there. That is, until recently. I no longer have to sleep with my feet sticking out from under the covers. No burning at night, no more numbness. What’s going on? My blood sugar readings are lower, my cholesterol is better, and so is my blood pressure. AND when I’m on Facebook and I read something I don’t like, I don’t feel the need to respond! The only difference is taking drops of CBD oil twice a day.”

Katherine Dohan has also seen great therapeutic effects from CBD. “I’m pretty obsessed with it,” she says. “It helps my pain and anxiety. It’s been a game-changer for me. I take several drops every night of CBD oil, and I’ve been vaping organic CBD throughout the day. An herbalist told me that you need to build it up in your system and keep dosing every six to eight hours for pain and inflammation. So I’ve been vaping it when I feel like it throughout the day — pretty often to be honest — and then talking three to five drops before I go to sleep.

Ally Aycock was one of several people who have found veterinary uses for CBD. “My dog is allergic to everything,” she says. “After six steroid shots in three years, I worried about the risk of long-term issues. I paid for allergy panels and put him on an allergy shot regimen. His condition did not improve. I changed his diet — and now give him CBD oil. The transformation has been amazing. No hives. No skin infections. No steroid shots.”

Sue Jordan became a CBD believer soon after Maggie’s Pharm started carrying the products. She says she uses it to treat pain from her temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJ). “I take about a dropper full of extract a day. If I don’t take it, I can tell. I’m not taking Advil or naproxin or anything.”

One respondent, BL, who asked that her real name not be revealed, used CBD salves to replace opioid pain medications after having foot surgery to repair broken bones, ripped tendons, and accumulated scar tissue. “I had taken a fair share of pain meds until my friends bought me some balms/creams that I could rub on the hurt area, which would allow me to sleep,” BL says. “I also used CBD in combination with THC in the form of edibles to help with sleep and anxiety, so I simultaneously got off all pain meds and anxiety meds. Opiates make me feel high and drowsy, but also make me sleepless and have nightmares. CBD has no real side effects at all.”

BL says she now works in the field of addiction recovery. “The mind is a tricky thing. I would say that CBD does not pose relapse issues with recovering addicts. I might not recommend it for the first year or two of recovery, like many things. But, I think a lot of relapsing happens from methods not agents. Like all users of CBD, the recovering person should be educated about the product — its chemical make-up; how it is a non-narcotic, etc. I would not recommend vaping CBD to a person who has just quit smoking. I’d recommend a tincture instead.”

The Science

Is this all too good to be true? A growing body of research supports the anecdotal claims.

The cannabis sativa plant naturally produces more than 100 closely related compounds known as cannabinoids. For decades, black market marijuana growers have bred strains of the plant that concentrated a single cannabinoid, known as Delta-9-THC, in the unfertilized flowers or buds of the female plant. But in the process of optimizing their product for euphoric potential, they also discovered that different cannabinoids expressed in the plants could cause vastly different effects when ingested by humans. Cannabis had been used in traditional herbal remedies for millennia, but until recently there had never been a serious study of the chemistry involved. As cannabis has become legal in various states, more science was applied to the question, and CBD has emerged as the most interesting group of compounds.

“The CBD does not react with the same receptors as THC, and therefore does not produce the psychotropic effects associated with cannabis,” says Lindsey Carr of Midtown Chiropractic.

Lindsey Carr

Carr says her practice has been offering CBD products for about 10 months. “I started to carry them for my chronic pain patients due to their anti-inflammatory properties. … CBD acts on the endocannabinoid system. This system plays a role in many of our necessary functions, including mood, memory, pain regulation, and cognitive processes.”

Carr says the feedback has been very positive. “My patients have found CBD to be effective in relieving both pain and anxiety symptoms. I do not use CDB on a regular basis, but rather utilize it more as a ‘spot check’ if I am experiencing anxiety or inflammation. My senior Great Dane, Doc Holiday, is a daily CBD user. It has helped him recover from major bowel surgery and has helped to manage his arthritis.”

As a physician, Bradley Postlethwaite knows a thing or two about arthritis. “As a rheumatologist, I would like to see more clinical trials evaluating the potential of CBD for control of pain and inflammation,” he says. “More and more patients are inquiring about it for these indications. Preclinical studies and anecdotal accounts by a growing patient population suggest that CBD could have potential as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent.”

Postlethwaite says he has not been directly involved in any research, but first became interested in the chemical’s potential about eight years ago. “CBD is interesting for many reasons. It is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid, has a good safety profile, has unique pharmacologic properties, and possibly a broad range of therapeutic applications, based on both pre-clinical research and human clinical trials. It was the first (and currently only) plant-derived cannabinoid to be evaluated in randomized controlled trials. More importantly, it was approved by the FDA for treatment of rare, severe forms of epilepsy. This makes CBD the first cannabis-derived compound to win FDA approval — and even more interestingly, the only Schedule I substance to ever be FDA-approved for treatment of human disease.”

In 2017, doctors Kerstin Iffland and Franjo Grotenhermen published an extensive review of the existing body of research in the journal Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research. They compiled all existing data on CBD’s physiological, neurological, neuropsychiatric, glycemic, endocrine, and toxicity and mutagenicity effects.

“In general, the often-described favorable safety profile of CBD in humans was confirmed and extended by the reviewed research,” the report concluded. “The majority of studies were performed for treatment of epilepsy and psychotic disorders. Here, the most commonly reported side effects were tiredness, diarrhea, and changes of appetite/weight. In comparison with other drugs used for treatment of these medical conditions, CBD has a better side-effect profile. This could improve patients’ compliance and adherence to treatment.”

Postlethwaite says CBD research is still in its infancy, but already there are tantalizing hints of deeper benefits. “The absolutely most interesting aspect of CBD is its potential as a tool in the treatment of a variety of cancers. A great deal of preclinical research suggests CBD may help slow growth of certain types of tumors and also decrease aggressiveness/metastatic potential in a variety of cancers.”

A 2006 UCLA study led by pulmonologist Donald Tashkin delved into the connection between marijuana and cancer. With more than 2,000 participants, it was the largest study of its kind ever conducted. “We hypothesized that there would be a positive association between marijuana use and lung cancer, and that the association would be more positive with heavier use,” Dr. Tashkin told the Washington Post. “What we found instead was no association at all, and even a suggestion of some protective effect.”

By contrast, the same study found that subjects who smoked two packs of cigarettes a day increased their chances of lung cancer by 20 times. The findings have been controversial for years, but now appear to support the hypothesis that CBD in marijuana has an anti-cancer effect.

Postlethwaite cites a recent study on the effects of CBD for patients with aggressive brain tumors. “The findings of this clinical trial along with all of the aforementioned preclinical data seem to suggest that CBD may have a role in the actual treatment of cancer, not just alleviation of symptoms and pain. While CBD may not turn out to have the same potency as other anti-cancer agents when used as a stand-alone therapy, it certainly has a better safety profile than most drugs used in oncology, and thus could be a powerful add-on therapy.”

He emphasizes that this is very much an open field of study. “It’s crucial for cancer patients interested in trying CBD or any cannabis-based treatment to involve their oncologist in the process.”

What to Know

In the last 12 months, there has been a major proliferation of CBD products. As with any new product, consumers should beware. “Some of these companies — it’s hard to know how many — may misrepresent the dosage or content of CBD in their products,” says Postlethwaite. “Several came under fire from FDA after their supplements were tested and found to contain no CBD at all.”

Proper dosages have not yet been established, except for anti-seizure and epileptic applications. “Randomized trials are needed to determine effectiveness and recommended dose for treatment of arthritis and pain in humans, but if you extrapolate the data from preclinical studies, the average 70 kg human would seem to need a minimum dose of around 400 mg daily to have an effect on arthritis pain. Recommendations on dosing are usually included with these products and generally translate to less than 100 mg daily. Assuming CBD works as an anti-inflammatory or analgesic agent in humans, the effective dose is likely higher than what most individuals are taking.”

But while CBD is exceptionally non-toxic, as far as drugs go, the same can’t be said for any additives in the various over-the-counter CBD products in stores now. Users should research the manufacturers and be wary of additives.

“You want to know where the hemp is grown and whether or not it is organic,” says Paula Robinson of Simply Hemp.

A “full spectrum” product contains several different cannabanoids, while an “isolate” contains just a single cannabanoid isolated for a particular effect. Most of these claims have not been evaluated by the FDA, so users should be cautious while finding the ones that work for them.

“There are no official guidelines yet,” says Robinson. “Everyone’s body is different, everyone’s needs are different. … We don’t just want to give people the product and send them on their way. We want to educate people.”