Categories
News News Blog News Feature

Frozen Snake Semen Yields Global Breakthrough at Memphis Zoo

Scientists at the Memphis Zoo have — for the first time in the world — successfully produced the first reptile offspring using frozen semen and artificial insemination. 

The team achieved the feat through its work to preserve the Louisiana pinesnake. The Memphis Zoo’s Science team is led by Dr. Steve Reichling, Beth Roberts, and previous post-doctoral scientist Dr. Mark Sandfoss. The team collected, froze, and later thawed semen, which was then used to successfully inseminate a female Louisiana pinesnake. 

Credit: Memphis Zoo

“Today, the future of endangered reptiles got a little brighter,” Reichling said.

Reptiles are often overlooked in such breeding methods, the zoo said in a news release. The concept of a “frozen zoo” has primarily focused on mammals, birds, and amphibians. The zoo’s method used in snakes demonstrated its potential in reptile conservation worldwide, it said.   

“The emergence of these three hatchlings summed up five years of reproductive research and 30 years of Memphis Zoo’s use of cutting-edge science and dedication to save the Louisiana pinesnake from extinction,” said Roberts, Senior Reproductive Scientist at Memphis Zoo.

Testing at Auburn University confirmed that the offspring were sired by the male snake donor. 

“We see this success as a huge step forward to enable future efforts to improve the genetic health of this species and other threatened reptile species,” said Dr. Tonia Schwartz, Associate Professor in Auburn’s Department of Biological Sciences. 

Credit: Memphis Zoo

The Louisiana pinesnake is one of the rarest snakes in North America. Habitat loss continues to threaten their survival. So, researchers said the ability to use frozen semen offers new hope for maintaining genetic diversity in the species and ensuring its long-term survival. The zoo team plans to continue its work in reptile conservation, building on its research, and collaborating with other institutions worldwide.

Credit: Memphis Zoo

 “Memphis Zoo is setting an example for the global community,” said Sandfoss, who spearheaded the research. “We’ve shown that it’s possible to use cryopreserved genetic material to aid in the recovery of an endangered species, paving the way for similar efforts with other reptile species in the future.” 

Categories
We Recommend We Recommend

Farm to Table Conference at CBU Monday

Since 2011, Mid-South Farm to Table Conference has striven to cultivate a healthier and thriving local food system through educating, providing resources, and by bringing together local and regional farmers, food justice advocates, educators, nonprofit leaders, and consumers.

This year, they’re zeroing in on conservation and regenerative agriculture, and they’ve invited keynote speakers David R. Montgomery and Anne Biklé to speak on the topic. The couple has authored three books together on regenerative farming, and they have plenty of insight to share.

“Anne’s a biologist, and I’m a geologist,” Montgomery says. “And those are the two things: Life and minerals are what you need to make healthy, fertile soil.”

Winnie Forbes

David Montgomery (left) and Anne Biklé

Restoring soil and maintaining its health through regenerative farming is essential to producing good crops, as degradation of land occurs with conventional farming methods, wielding one-third less agriculture and doing damage on the rest of our ecosystem. Montgomery and Biklé say more productive and eco-friendly practices under the umbrella of regenerative agriculture include using no-till or reduced till practices, feeding plants and land with organic fertilizer, rotating crops to put a bigger variety of nutrients back into the soil, and using cover crops to address weeds.

“It makes farms way friendlier places for people and for other forms of life and is far less toxic [than conventional farming],” says Biklé.

Montgomery adds, “The big picture and challenge of regenerative agriculture is to try and rebuild the health and fertility of the land so that future generations will have as fertile a planet as we have.”

2020 Mid-South Farm to Table Conference, Christian Brothers University, Monday, March 2nd, 8:30 a.m.-4:30 p.m., $25, free for college students with I.D.

Categories
News The Fly-By

New Growth

The first time Citizens to Preserve Overton Park dug its heels into the Midtown park, it beat back an expressway, changing the face of Memphis.

This time around, the group is fighting to preserve the same area of old-growth forest, but the threat is much closer to home.

Originally founded in 1957, Citizens to Preserve Overton Park was revived several months ago when several park-users noticed that four acres of forest near the Memphis Zoo had been felled.

“We were shocked by the clear-cut the zoo did for its Teton Trek exhibit,” says Naomi Van Tol, one of the organization’s new leaders. “We didn’t want to see it happen again.”

Van Tol lives half a mile from the park and takes her 2-year-old daughter there two or three times a week to play on the playground or go to the zoo.

“I went to the zoo with my toddler and saw bulldozers and backhoes cutting down trees,” Van Tol says. “For about three weeks prior to seeing that, the Northwest Passage had been closed off, so I hadn’t been to that corner of the zoo. … By the time it reopened, most of the trees were on the ground.”

The zoo says it did not clear-cut the area but protected trees that could be included in construction plans. But the construction came as a surprise to Park Friends, an advocacy group that considers Overton Park its primary focus and includes a representative of the zoo on its board.

In a statement on its website, Park Friends says it became aware of “an extreme level of tree clearing” only after the damage was done: “Because of the impact of the tree cutting on the contiguous forest and the Zoo’s disregard for the environment outside their boundaries, Park Friends is compelled to voice our concern and disappointment that an organization with such a connection to the environment would disregard the very tenets we assume it espouses.”

More concerning to Citizens, the zoo controls an additional 17 acres of undeveloped old-growth forest. The area has been behind a chain-link fence for about a decade and is land the zoo plans to one day use for its expansion.

“This was something that obviously was beneath a lot of people’s radar,” Van Tol says. “Somebody needed to bird-dog the zoo and keep an eye on this.”

Van Tol and a few others decided the best idea would be to revive Citizens to Preserve Overton Park. So far, about 60 people have signed up to be members.

On a recent Saturday, about 15 people met for one of the group’s monthly hikes on Overton Park’s old-forest trail. It was a beautiful morning and once on the lush trail — a onetime bridle path — the forest was cool and inviting.

Van Tol, the hike leader, pointed out different varieties of plants, including poison ivy, grape vines, stinging nettle (don’t let it touch your bare legs), and baby oaks “waiting for their chance” to grow into trees should a spot in the forest canopy open up.

At one point, the hikers climbed over a tree fallen across the dirt trail; at another, they ducked underneath one.

Near East Parkway, a siren wailed in the distance, but for the most part it was calm and quiet.

“You feel like you’re in the middle of nowhere, but you’re in a really small forest,” Van Tol says. “When humans first came here, this is what they saw. … This is a link to the natural system.”

After the hike, Van Tol led participants past the fenced 17 acres and to where the Teton Trek exhibit is being constructed.

Roy Barnes began making maps of Overton Park for the group and recently joined the board. He’s now waiting for updated Google Earth images of the park so he can contrast before and after shots of the Teton Trek area.

“People won’t be able to hide — it will be obvious what’s happened,” he says. “If the fence means we own it, we control it, now they’ve shown the danger of what that power is.”

The group hopes to convince the zoo to take down the fence, let park users go there, and not develop it.

“The four acres is gone; we can’t bring that back,” Van Tol says. “We think the zoo has plenty of space to improve and expand within its current boundaries. They don’t need to keep moving outward. It’s a very suburban model.”

Citizens to Preserve Overton Park will host a public meeting Thursday, June 5th, at Rhodes’ Blount Auditorium from 7 to 8 p.m. for interested parties.

“We’re paying tribute to the people who worked so hard to protect what we have today,” Van Tol says. “We’re finishing their work.”

Categories
News

Hazardous Waste Center to Open Near Shelby Farms

If paint cans, florescent light bulbs, old computers, and other types of hazardous waste are taking over your garage, help is on the way.

Beginning Tuesday, Nov. 27, the county’s new Household Hazardous Waste Collection Facility at 6305 Haley Road near Shelby Farms will be open every Tuesday and Saturday.

“Now every resident can do something to help the environment,” said Mayor AC Wharton during a ribbon-cutting ceremony at the site Tuesday morning.

Hazardous waste, ranging from aerosol spray cans and pool chemicals to herbicides and motor oil, can be dropped off at the site. Employees of the facility will sort the materials into one of three rooms — the flammable room, the nonflammable room, and the corrosive room.

“We have a sprinkler system in place and two-hour firewalls installed in case something happens. Those walls will contain a fire in one room for two hours, which is ample time for the fire department to arrive” said Jodie Nelson, the facility operator.

The center will also accept old computers (like E-Cycle, but for real this time), ink cartridges, typewriters, and cell phones.

The center was funded by a $500,000 grant from the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation. It was modeled after similar sites in Nashville and Knoxville.

— Bianca Phillips

Categories
News

New Plan to Save Ivory-Billed Woodpecker Unveiled

U.S. wildlife officials have unveiled a draft recovery plan aimed at preventing the extinction of the Ivory-billed woodpecker. The plan outlines habitat needs and future conservation efforts with a recommended budget of $27 million. The newly ambitious drafted plan was made available for public comments last week.

“Interested citizens, conservation organizations, state and federal agencies and others, will have 60 days to provide comments on the 185-page blueprint put together by one of the most talented recovery teams ever assembled by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,” the federal agency said.

It is the first recovery plan crafted for this species and comments on the plan will be accepted by the Service until October 22, 2007.

Evidence supporting the Ivory-billed Woodpecker’s rediscovery with the presence of at least one bird in the Bayou de View area of Cache River National Wildlife Refuge in Arkansas was announced in 2004 and 2005.

The woodpecker’s rediscovery led to the need to develop a recovery plan. While the woodpecker’s existence has not been confirmed since, tantalizing evidence continues to be gathered in Arkansas, Florida’s panhandle, South Carolina, and other locations across its historic range.

“The opportunity to recover this icon of the ornithological world cannot and should not be passed over,” said Sam Hamilton, regional director for the Service’s Southeast Region and leader of the recovery team.

“Given the evidence pointing to its survival, we believe it would be irresponsible not to act. That’s why we established this recovery team with some of the nation’s best biologists to help us chart a reasonable, well founded path to save this species.” Hamilton explained.

Read more on this story.