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Race and Ethnicity Biases Account For Majority of Hate Crimes In Tennessee

New data from the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) shows that the majority of the hate crimes in Tennessee from 2022 were on the basis of race and ethnicity. The report also found that most of these crimes targeted Black people.

The FBI said that the data comes from voluntary reporting to the organization through the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS). Out of 413 participating Tennessee law enforcement agencies, 399 of them submitted data. 

A hate crime is defined by the FBI Uniform Crime Reporting Program as “a committed criminal offense which is motivated, in whole or in part, by the offender’s bias(es) against a race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, ethnicity, gender, or gender identity.”

“Hate crimes are often committed based on differences in personal characteristics such as appearance, language, nationality or religion,” said the Tennessee Bureau of Investigation (TBI). “The key element of any hate crime is the presence of a bias motivation. The criminal act alone does not define a hate crime; rather the investigation of the crime must conclude that the offender was bias-motivated.”

Out of the 94 reported crimes. 43 were considered “Anti-Black or African American.” The second highest category were “Anti-White” crimes, with 10 being reported.

The first year that hate crimes were reported entirely through the NIBRS was in 2021. According to data from that year, most of Tennessee’s crimes were motivated by race and ethnicity, accounting for 91 (61.9 percent) incidents.

The FBI also notes that since crime is a “sociological phenomenon influenced by a variety of factors,” and that there are differing levels of participation over time, they discourage using data as a way to measure law enforcement effectiveness.

Nationally, there were 11, 643 hate crime incidents reported in 2022. The report also notes that only 14,660 law enforcement agencies participated in crime reporting, out of more than 18,800 nation-wide. The Southern Poverty Law Center notes that this is the “fifth consecutive year of declining participation.”

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New DOJ Office Targets Hate Crimes, Civil Rights Violations

Hate crimes, civil rights violations, and domestic terrorism are the focus of a new U.S. Department of Justice unit in Memphis.

On Monday, United States Attorney Kevin Ritz announced the creation of the new, permanent National Security and Civil Rights Unit. A supervising attorney and several prosecutors will “respond to and prevent hate crimes and civil rights violations, as well as threats to national security.”

“None of us can afford for federal investigators and prosecutors to take a passive role when it comes to protecting the rights guaranteed by the Constitution,” Ritz said in a statement. “We have a responsibility to our communities to be active participants in seeing those rights endure. 

“This new unit mobilizes every tool at our disposal to prosecuting hate-based crimes, civil rights violations, violent extremism, and related crimes. This is a major part of our mission and deserves to always have a clear, formal home in our office.”

Ritz picked Assistant United States Attorney Karen Hartridge to lead the unit. The team will expand quickly as leaders plan to hire multiple attorneys for it by the end of summer. 

The new unit falls in line with a directive from U.S. Attorney General Merrick Garland from May 2021. Garland urged U.S. Attorneys like Ritz to “combat hate crimes and incidents, address them when they occur, support those victimized by them, and reduce the pernicious effects these incidents have on our society,” according to a statement.

FBI data show U.S. hate crimes rose from more than 8,000 in 2020 to nearly 11,000 the following year. 

Data from the Tennessee Bureau of Information (TBI) released earlier this year show hate crimes in the state have risen for the last three years. The latest available data show 133 hate crimes were recorded here in 2021, higher than the 122 recorded in 2020, and the 112 hate crimes recorded in 2019.

“Our first job is to send a strong message to the cities and counties we serve that we take these kinds of cases seriously and that we are focused on holding people accountable when there is a report of a violation of civil rights or threat to national security,” Hartridge said in a statement.

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Politics Politics Feature

LaSimba Gray to Congressional Black Caucus: “Stay Out” of 9th District Race

According to
Roll Call, a Washington, D.C. publication for political insiders, the
Rev. LaSimba Gray is asking members of the Congressional Black Caucus to “stay
out” of the 2008 Democratic primary race pitting incumbent 9th
District congressman Steve Cohen against repeat challenger Nikki Tinker.

Noting an appearance in Memphis last weekend on Cohen’s behalf by U.S. Rep.
Emanuel Cleaver of Kansas City, who is black, Gray said, according to the
newspaper, “”Steve
Cohen has been quoting many of them heavily and bringing them into the district
and we are simply asking them to stay out of this race.”

Gray strove unsuccessfully during the 2006 congressional race to winnow down a
large field of African-American candidates to a consensus black
candidate to oppose Cohen, who, as the minister noted, is both white and Jewish.

Roll Call quoted Gray as contending that the second-place finish in last
year’s primary of Tinker, a corporate attorney, meant that “she has won … the
primary of African-American candidates.” Gray said further, “The road has been
cleared for Nikki and we are busy meeting with candidates who ran last time to
show them the reality — the fact that with all of them in the race they can’t
win.”

Gray’s concept of a black-versus-white showdown was frowned on by Cleaver
spokesman Danny Rotert, who remarked that Cohen seemed to stand high in the
estimate of his constituents and observed, “If somebody here [Kansas City] said
Congressman Cleaver can’t represent his district because it’s a [majority] white
district, that would not go very far. So it’s too bad that that’s the rhetoric
that’s being used in Memphis.”

As of the last Federal Election Commission filing, Roll Call noted,
Tinker had $172,000 in cash on hand compared to Cohen’s $374,000. As the
periodical also observed, the feminist organization Emily’s List, which supported Tinker
strongly in 2006, has so far been non-committal about 2008.

A number of Tinker’s former Memphis supporters have also indicated they will not
be backing her in next year’s race. One such, lawyer Laura Hine, said she had
committed to Tinker in 2006 before Cohen made his candidacy known. Affirming her
support for Cohen in next year’s race, Hine said recently, “The fact is, he’s
been a very effective congressman, speaking to all the issues I care about.”

One such issue, according to Hine, was pending federal Hate Crimes legislation,
which Cohen has backed and Tinker has been silent about. Rev. Gray recently made
an effort to organize opposition to Cohen’s stand among black ministers, on the
ground that the bill would muzzle their opposition to homosexuality.

Other
local African-American ministers, like the Rev. Ralph White and the Rev. O.C.
Collins Jr., have refuted that allegation, citing specific sections of the bill,
and made a point of supporting Cohen. The Memphis chapter of the NAACP also
recently affirmed its support of the bill and Cohen’s activities on its behalf.